多功能辅助解便护理床结构设计与研究  

Structural design and research of multifunctional auxiliary defecation nursing bed

作　　者：王芳[1,2] 林婉滢[1] 田博天 曹展宏 胡军 潘国新[3,4] WANG Fang;LIN Wanying;TIAN Botian;CAO Zhanhong;HU Jun;PAN Guoxin(College of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300222,China;Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-Line Monitoring of Light Industrial and Food Engineering Machinery and Equipment in Tianjin,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300222,China;National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids,Beijing 100176,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability,Beijing 100176,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学机械工程学院,天津300222 [2]天津科技大学天津市轻工与食品工程机械装备集成设计与在线监控重点实验室,天津300222 [3]国家康复辅具研究中心,北京100176 [4]北京市老年功能障碍康复辅助技术重点实验室,北京100176

出　　处：《机械传动》2025年第4期139-146,共8页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(12102301)。

摘　　要：【目的】为解决失能人群在长期卧床过程中的大小便护理难题,研发了一种可实现体位调整和辅助解便的多功能护理床。【方法】首先,设计了3个运动机构,抬背-屈腿联动机构可实现0°~70°的抬背和屈腿角度;分腿机构可实现0°~45°的分腿角度;臀板升降机构可在较小工作高度内打开臀板,约160 mm。其次,构建机构运动学模型,进行了运动仿真,获得角速度、角加速度和电推杆位移变化曲线。最后,制作护理床实物样机,对机构设计进行了试验验证。【结果】结果表明,通过3个机构的合并运动,护理床可帮助失能人员在11.5 s内实现坐-卧姿态转换并进行排便;机构运动平缓,能够满足设计要求,为解决失能人群大小便护理难题提供了新思路。[Objective] A multifunctional nursing bed that can adjust the body position and assist the defecation was developed to solve the problem of defecation care for disabled people when they were bedridden for a long time.[Methods]Firstly,three motion mechanisms were designed.Among them,the back lifting-leg bending linkage mechanism can realize the back-lifting and leg-bending angles from 0° to 70°,the leg-splitting mechanism could achieve a leg-splitting angle of 0°-45°,and the hip plate movable mechanism could have a working height of less than 160 mm.Secondly,kinematics models of above mechanisms were constructed.Then kinematics simulations were carried out to obtain curves of angular velocity,angular acceleration and electric actuator displacement.Finally,a physical prototype of the nursing bed was produced for the test verification of mechanism design.[Results] The results show that the nursing bed could help disabled persons achieve a sittinglying posture transition within 11.5 seconds through combined movement of the three mechanisms.Movement of mechanisms is gentle and meets design requirements,providing a new idea for solving the problem of urinary and defecation care for disabled people.

关 键 词：护理床 机构设计 运动仿真 运动学模型 

分 类 号：TH789[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]