中国区域性学前教育机会不平等研究  

Regional Inequality of Opportunity in Preschool Education in China

作　　者：解垩[1] 王溪 XIE E;WANG Xi

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院

出　　处：《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期165-181,共17页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“共同富裕视角下培育内生动力解决相对贫困的长效机制研究”(23VRC035);国家自然科学基金面上项目“相对贫困的财税治理研究”(72073081);国家自然科学基金重点专项项目“基于人口结构变化的税制结构优化路径研究”(72442003);山东省自然科学基金项目“人口结构转变对收入分配的影响研究”(ZR2024MG017)。

摘　　要：本文基于人类机会指数(Human Opportunity Index),以我国低收入片区为例分析了我国区域性学前教育的机会不平等情况,讨论了区域内和区域间机会不平等的来源,并对教育质量的机会不平等进行分析。研究发现:我国区域性学前教育机会不平等问题较为严重,体现在低收入地区学前教育资源供给相对不足,不同环境背景儿童间的机会分布存在明显差距;对区域内机会不平等贡献最大的环境因素是父母受教育程度,其次是户籍因素和民族因素;低收入地区在总体和弱势群体机会覆盖率以及人口分布方面均处于劣势地位,三者共同导致了区域间的差距。此外,学前教育的质量同样存在机会不平等情况,低收入地区学前教育尚未起到提高儿童人力资本的作用。Preschool education,as an important foundation stage and starting point of the national education system,bears the responsibility of realizing the“starting point equity”of education.Although China has provided continuous policy support to the backward areas,the problem of regional inequality of opportunity in preschool education still exists and is increasingly becoming a key issue of social and academic concern in the context of solidly promoting common prosperity.Taking China s low-income areas as an example,this paper analyzes the inequality of opportunity in China s regional preschool education based on the Human Opportunity Index(HOI).First,the problem of regional inequality of opportunity in preschool education in China is serious,as reflected in the fact that the supply of preschool education resources in low-income areas is still relatively insufficient,and there are obvious gaps in the distribution of opportunities among children from different environmental backgrounds.Second,the environmental factor that contributes most to intra-regional inequality of opportunity is the education level of the parents,followed by household registration and ethnicity.Low-income areas are at a disadvantage in terms of coverage of the opportunities for the overall and disadvantaged groups as well as in terms of the population distribution are at a disadvantage,and all three together contribute to the disparities between regions.Third,inequality of opportunity also exists in the quality of preschool education,which has not yet had the effect of improving children s human capital in low-income areas.The possible contributions of this paper are as follows.First,focusing on the inequality of educational opportunities caused by regional disparities,this paper assesses the inequality of opportunities in preschool education in low-income areas based on the HOI methodology and discusses the sources of intra-and inter-regional inequality of opportunities.Second,this paper further constructs a linear regression model on this ba

关 键 词：学前教育 机会不平等 低收入地区 人类机会指数 教育公平 

分 类 号：F121[经济管理—世界经济] G6192[文化科学—学前教育学]