“先赋”与“自致”因素如何影响高校毕业生的就业质量——就业能力的中介作用与学段的调节作用  

How“ascribed”and“self-induced factors”affect the employment quality of college graduates:the mediating role of employability and the moderating role of academic stages

作　　者：陶甄 叶映华[2] TAO Zhen;YE Yinghua(College of Education,Communist Youth League Committee,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院共青团浙江大学委员会,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学教育学院

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第5期66-76,共11页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：2024年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“社会主义现代化强国建设需求下高校毕业生就业促进研究”(24JZD041)的部分成果。

摘　　要：高校毕业生高质量就业具有重要战略意义,但高校毕业生的就业质量现状不容乐观。本文以700名毕业去向为“协议和合同就业”的高校毕业生为研究对象,探索“先赋”和“自致”因素对其主客观就业质量的影响,以及就业能力的中介作用与学段的调节作用。结果表明,人口学变量对高校毕业生主客观就业质量存在差异影响;“先赋”和“自致”因素显著预测就业能力和主客观就业质量,且通过就业能力的中介作用影响主观就业质量;“先赋”因素通过学段的调节作用影响就业能力和主观就业质量。据此,高校应充分认识就业质量的复杂性,科学培育大学生的就业价值观;持续激发大学生的奋斗意识,着力培养大学生的责任担当意识;不断深化专业建设质量,精准提升大学生的就业创业能力;探索开展分学段就业引导,有效拓宽大学生的高质量充分就业渠道。High-quality employment of college graduates is of great strategic significance,but the current employment quality of college graduates is not optimistic.Taking 700 college graduates whose graduation destination is“agreement and contract employment”as the research object,we explore the influence of“ascribed”and“self-induced”factors on the subjective and objective employment quality of college graduates,as well as the mediating role of employability and the moderating role of academic stages.The results show that demographic variables have differential effect on the subjective and objective employment quality of college graduates;the“ascribed”and“self-induced”factors significantly predict employability and subjective and objective employment quality,and influence subjective employment quality through the mediating effect of employability;the“ascribed”factors influence employability and subjective employment quality through the moderating effect of academic stages.Accordingly,colleges and universities should fully understand the complexity of employment quality,and scientifically cultivate the employment values of college students;continuously stimulate the striving spirit of college students,and strive to cultivate the sense of responsibility of college students;continuously enhance professional development quality,and accurately improve the employment and entrepreneurship ability of college students;to explore and carry out employment guidance by academic stages,and effectively expand high-quality and full employment channels for college students.

关 键 词：高校毕业生 “先赋”因素 “自致”因素 就业能力 就业质量 学段 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学] G645[文化科学—教育学]