论案外人执行异议之诉的程序内核与制度本源  

The Kernel of Procedure and the Source of System of the Lawsuit Against the Execution by the Outsider

作　　者：庄诗岳 ZHUANG Shi-yue(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第6期109-129,共21页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：2024年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“数字时代执行机关处理被执行人个人数据的法律规制研究”(24YJC820062);2022年度司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“国际商事调解协议的可执行性研究”(22SFB4016)的成果。

摘　　要：案外人执行异议之诉的基本程序法理是研究具体制度的基础,具体制度所涉及的问题无不需要回到基本程序法理寻求答案。案外人执行异议之诉产生于审执分离的特殊背景,其背后暗含着对执行实施权法律性质的取舍,旨在修正强制执行的形式化原则、保障执行行为的正当性。案外人执行异议之诉是针对执行纠纷、执行标的的诉讼,旨在解决因不当执行行为引发的纠纷、矫正错位的执行干涉关系,既不挑战执行依据的既判力,也不废弃执行依据的执行力,只涉及执行依据对案外人主张民事权益的特定执行标的是否具有执行力,不同于私法关系诉讼以及其他执行异议之诉。案外人执行异议之诉应当实现争讼程序的基本价值,但较之私法关系诉讼在效率层面具有更高的追求。The basic procedural jurisprudence of the lawsuit against the execution by the outsider is the basis of studying its specific system.All the questions involved in the specific system of the lawsuit against the execution by the outsider need to return to its basic procedural jurisprudence to seek answers.The lawsuit against the execution by the outsider arises from the special background of the separation of trial and execution,which implies the choice of the legal nature of the right of execution.It is a substantive law amendment to the formal principle,aiming at ensuring the legitimacy of the enforcement act.This lawsuit is a remedy for the execution dispute and the subject matter of execution,which is different from the private law relationship lawsuit and other execution objection lawsuit.This lawsuit aims to solve the dispute caused by the execution behavior of the execution organ and correct the misplaced legal relationship of the execution.This lawsuit neither challenges the res judicata of the basis of execution nor abandons the executive force of the basis of execution,but only concerns whether the basis of execution has executive force against the specific property of the outsider claiming civil rights and interests.The lawsuit against the execution by the outsider as a dispute procedure should pursue justice and efficiency as its value,and it has higher requirements in efficiency than the private law relationship lawsuit.

关 键 词：案外人执行异议之诉 审执分离 执行纠纷 执行标的 诉讼效率 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]