《刑事诉讼法》再修改背景下被害人保护之回顾与前瞻  

Retrospect and Prospect of Victim Protection in the Context of Further Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law

作　　者：冯露[1] FENG Lu

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2025年第2期70-81,共12页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：四川省哲社规划重点研究基地项目“中国式现代化引领四川司法现代化建设研究”(项目编号:SC23E016);四川大学中国式现代化研究院2023年度项目“面向人民司法新需求的司法现代化研究”(项目编号:XDHYJ-03)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在第四次《刑事诉讼法》修改背景下,审视作为刑事诉讼主体的被害人的地位和保护具有重要的学理价值和现实意义。域外刑事诉讼模式理论的演进逐步纳入了不同形态的被害人参与模式。我国的被害人主体地位理论从“主体性”向“主体间性”拓展,故有必要在被害人与其他诉讼主体的关系视角下对被害人的主体性价值予以理解与重构。梳理我国《刑事诉讼法》中的被害人权利谱系发现,偏重被害人“主体性”的被动型权利与彰显被害人与其他诉讼主体“主体间性”关系的能动型权利得到了较为合理的配置。对被害人参与相对不起诉程序的实践考察则发现,被害人的知情权、意见发表权、和解权与救济权得到了较好的保护与实现。但仍需在将来的修法中为被害人知情权的完善预留制度空间,同时为被害人和解权的行使配套相应机制。In the context of the fourth revision of China's Criminal Procedure Law,it is of academic and practical significance to examine the status and protection of the victim as criminal procedural subject.The evolution of foreign criminal procedure model theory has gradually incorporated different forms of victim participation models.The victim subject status theory in China has also expanded from'subjectivity'to'inter-subjectivity'.Therefore,it is necessary to understand and reconstruct the value of the victim's subjectivity from the perspective of the relationship between the victim and other litigation subjects.It is found that in the spectrum of victim's rights in China's Criminal Procedure Law,the passive rights that emphasize the'subjectivity'of the victim and the active rights that highlight the'inter-subjectivity'of the relationship between the victim and other litigating subjects have been designed in a relatively reasonable manner.Based on the investigation on victim's participation in relative non-prosecution,it is indicated that the victim's right to know,right to express views,right to reconciliation and right to seeking relief have been protected and realized to a relatively good extent.However,in the future revision of the law,it is still necessary to keep institutional space for the improvement of the victim's right to know,and at the same time to provide corresponding mechanisms for the exercise of the victim's right to reconciliation.

关 键 词：被害人 诉讼主体 主体间性 知情权 刑事和解 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]