何处净土——北朝时期弥勒净土信仰与弥陀净土信仰比较研究  

Which Pure Land—A Comparative Study of Maitreya and Amitabha Pure Land Beliefs in the Northern Dynasties

作　　者：张圣尧 Zhang Shengyao(Institute of Ancient Chinese Documents,Jilin University,Changchun 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《西部学刊》2025年第8期57-61,共5页Journal of Western

基　　金：吉林大学2023年研究生创新研究计划项目“北朝佛教管理与戒律运行机制研究”(编号:2023CX009)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：北朝时期,佛教昌盛,净土信仰流行于世,其中尤以弥勒兜率天净土信仰与阿弥陀佛西方极乐净土信仰为主。在佛教经典中,这两种净土信仰对各自的净土世界有着不同的描绘。弥勒净土信仰要求信众做到修斋持戒或念佛、造像、供养、礼拜等方可往生;弥陀净土信仰则是更加细致地将民众划分为“三辈”“九品”,并分别对应不同的往生条件和修持方法。北朝后期,两种净土信仰发生了此消彼长的变化,弥勒净土信仰因对净土世界描绘的差异、修持难易和弥勒下生信仰多受现实政治利用等原因而渐为衰落;继之则是弥陀净土信仰的兴起,而其中亦不乏宗派高僧的涌现以及观世音菩萨信仰的加入等原因。In the Northern Dynasties,Buddhism prospered and the Pure Land beliefs were popular.In particular,the Maitreya Tusita Heaven Pure Land belief and the Amitabha Buddha Western Paradise Pure Land belief were the main ones.In the Buddhist classics,these two Pure Land beliefs have different descriptions of their respective Pure Lands.The Maitreya Pure Land belief requires believers to practice fasting or chant Buddha,create statues,offer sacrifices,and worship before they can rebirth.The Amitabha Buddha Pure Land belief divides people into“Three Grades”and“Nine Ranks”in a more detailed manner,each corresponding to different conditions for rebirth and different methods of practice.In the later period of the Northern Dynasties,these two types of Pure Land beliefs underwent a change of ups and downs.The Maitreya Pure Land belief was gradually decaying due to differences in the depiction of the Pure Land world,difficulties in the way of practicing,and the fact that Maitreya“Xiasheng”belief was often exploited by politics.What followed was the rise of the Amitabha Buddha Pure Land belief,which was also due to the emergence of sectarian prominent monks and the addition of the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva belief.

关 键 词：北朝 净土信仰 弥勒 弥陀 比较研究 

分 类 号：K239.2[历史地理—历史学] B949[历史地理—中国史]