江苏省蔬菜和食用菌中农药残留的膳食暴露风险评估  

Pesticide Residues and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment in Vegetables and Edible Fungus in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：孟军 吴蓉[1] 冯云[1] 张扬 王丹丹 欧阳海燕 顾爱国[1] 周玮[1] Meng Jun;Wu Rong;Feng Yun;Zhang Yang;Wang Dandan;Ouyang Haiyan;Gu AiguoZhou Wei(Jiangsu Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute,Nanjing Jiangsu 210007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省产品质量监督检验研究院,江苏南京210007

出　　处：《农药科学与管理》2025年第3期21-31,共11页Pesticide Science and Administration

基　　金：江苏省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(KJ2023012)。

摘　　要：探究江苏省13个地市蔬菜和食用菌中农药残留情况及其膳食暴露风险。检测12种蔬菜和食用菌的农药残留,包括各类杀虫剂(有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、新烟碱类和其他)和杀菌剂。使用危害商数(hazard quotient,HQ)和慢性危害指数(chronic hazard in⁃dex,cHI)评价不同年龄段人群的膳食暴露风险。在15433份样品中,0.52%(81/15433)的样品检出农药残留,0.05%(7/15433)的样品中检出的农药残留超过最大残留限量(MRL)。大白菜中检测到的农药残留类型最多(9种)。氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯的检出率最高。在农药残留风险评估中,氟虫腈对成年男性的HQ为0.0033,对成年女性为0.0038,最高;而氯氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯的HQ值最低,分别为0.0001和0.0002。所检测到的农药对食用蔬菜和食用菌无潜在风险,农药残留的影响在人类可接受的范围内,但仍需要加强农药在蔬菜和食用菌种植中的使用和管理。The study evaluates pesticide residues in vegetables and edible fungus from 13 municipalities in Jiangsu Province,China,and conducts a dietary exposure risk assessment.Detection of pesticide residues was conducted in 12 commonly consumed vegetable and edible fungus crops,including various insecticides(organophosphorus,carbamate,pyrethroid and nicotinoid pesticide,and other pesticide types)and fungicide.The Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI)parameter and the daily dietary intake assessment method was applied to evaluate pesticide exposure of through vegetable consumption.The hazard quotients(HQ)and chronic hazard index(cHI)were used to assess dietary exposure risks for both minors and adults.A total of 15433 vegetable samples were detected,revealing 22 pesticide residues across 9 types of vegetables.Pesticide residues were detected in 0.52%of the samples,with 7 samples(0.05%)exceeding the MRLs.The highest number of pesticide residues(9 types)were detected in cabbages.Cypermethrin and betacypermethrin,as well as cyfluthrin and beta-cyfluthrin were the most frequently detected pesticides in 3 samples.Among the assessed pesticides,clothianidin had the highest HQ,while cyfluthrin and beta-cyfluthrin had the lowest.The highest HQ value was obtained when consuming spinach;However,all HQ and cHI value remained below 100%,indicating that the detected pesticides residues in vegetables and edible fungus pose no potential risk.Despite the finding suggesting that the effects of pesticide residues remain within the acceptable limits for humans,it is still necessary to strengthen the use and management of pesticides in vegetable and edible fungus cultivation.

关 键 词：蔬菜 食用菌 农药残留 膳食暴露 风险评估 

分 类 号：S482[农业科学—农药学] S481.8[农业科学—植物保护]