环境温度对列车制动界面摩擦磨损及振动噪声的影响  

Effect of Environmental Temperature on Friction,Wear,Vibration and Noise at Braking Interface of Trains

作　　者：冯双喜 余洲 张棋翔[1,2] 唐斌 莫继良 金文伟[4] 朱松 FENG Shuangxi;YU Zhou;ZHANG Qixiang;TANG Bin;MO Jiliang;JIN Wenwei;ZHU Song(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Guiyang University,Guiyang 550005,China;CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jiangsu Changzhou 213011,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031 [3]贵阳学院机械工程学院,贵阳550005 [4]中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所,江苏常州213011

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第7期68-78,共11页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U22A20181、52205188);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2682024CG008);中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所资助项目(Z2022-0004)。

摘　　要：目的探究环境温度对列车制动界面摩擦磨损及振动噪声的影响及其机理。方法在环境温度可控的列车制动性能模拟试验台上,以环境温度为变量(20、0、-20、-40℃),开展停车制动试验,采集试验过程中的振动加速度、噪声、温度、制动力和制动扭矩信号并进行分析。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)对摩擦块表面形貌和磨屑进行表征,并对试验前后摩擦块进行称量评估其磨损率。结果在本试验条件下,随着环境温度降低,制动界面的切向振动加速度和噪声声压的RMS(均方根值)分别从20℃时的578.6 m/s^(2)和24.4 Pa增加至-40℃时的937.0 m/s^(2)和34.0 Pa;摩擦因数从20℃时的0.50降低至-40℃时的0.44;同时,磨损率从20℃时的111.0μg/s减少至-40℃时的54.8μg/s。结论在停车制动过程中,随着环境温度降低,制动盘和摩擦块的材料脆性增加,在摩擦作用下更容易破碎产生大颗粒磨屑,从而影响摩擦界面第三体的形成和分布,最终通过接触平台的大小和分布影响制动界面的摩擦磨损和振动噪声特性。Railway lines spanning a wide range of geographical latitudes,especially those operating under extreme weather conditions,face severe challenges.When trains operate in such environments,they need to adapt to various complex terrains and climate conditions,while dealing with significant changes in the tribological behavior of the train braking interface caused by environmental temperature variations.The braking system of a train is a key component that ensures its safe operation,and its performance directly affects the braking effect and driving safety of the train.As the train runs across a wide range of geographical latitudes,different environmental temperature can lead to significant changes in the physical properties of brake discs and friction blocks,thus affecting the friction,wear,vibration and noise characteristics of the braking interface.To investigate the impact of environmental temperature on friction,wear,vibration and noise of the train braking interface,as well as its mechanism,a series of experiments were conducted on a train braking performance simulation test bed with controllable environmental temperature.With environmental temperature as a variable,braking tests were performed under 20℃,0℃,-20℃,and-40℃.At each temperature,50 repeated braking tests were carried out to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data.During the experiments,various signals,such as vibration acceleration,noise,temperature,braking force,and braking torque were collected and analyzed in detail.The surface morphology of the friction block and the debris particles falling out of the braking interface were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and optical microscopy(OM)to understand the microstructure and wear condition of the friction interface.Simultaneously,the friction blocks were weighed before and after the experiments to assess their wear rate.The experimental results showed that as the environmental temperature decreased,the RMS values of tangential vibration acceleration and noise sound pressure at th

关 键 词：环境温度 制动系统 停车制动 摩擦磨损 摩擦振动噪声 

分 类 号：TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]