空间机械臂关节传动系统温度与热变形分析  

Analysis of Temperature and Thermal Deformation in the Joint Transmission System of Space Manipulator

作　　者：陈炳瑞 刘怀举[1] 林勤杰 张秀华 CHEN Bingrui;LIU Huaiju;LIN Qinjie;ZHANG Xiuhua(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学高端装备机械传动全国重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《宇航学报》2025年第2期320-333,共14页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3402800)。

摘　　要：齿轮传动系统是实现航天设备运动与保证精度的核心机械设备,其面对的高真空、宽温域、大扭矩运行环境使得其温度特征与热变形不明,易出现磨损、胶合等失效风险。以某空间机械臂关节传动系统为研究对象,考虑系统各部件生热与真空辐射散热等热边界条件,建立空间机械臂关节传动系统热变形数值仿真模型,计算各零部件的温度及热变形量,进而获得系统的传动精度。研究结果表明,不同工况下输入齿轮始终为传动系统中温度最高部件,最高温度达到162.86℃;在高温环境90℃时存在卡齿风险;系统回程误差与传动功率、环境温度均成反比,最大回程误差可达2.79′;通过增加输入齿轮副齿宽与调整各齿轮的公法线长度偏差,使得齿轮最高温度下降13.58%,并消除传动系统卡齿风险。The gear transmission system serves as a pivotal mechanical component for facilitating motion and ensuring precision in aerospace equipment.Operating within high vacuum,wide temperature ranges,and high torque environments,it encounters uncertain temperature characteristics and thermal deformations,which may lead to risks such as wear and adhesion failures.Focus is given to the joint transmission system of a particular space mechanical arm.Taking into account thermal boundary conditions,including heat generation by system components and vacuum radiation heat dissipation,a numerical simulation model is established to assess thermal deformation in the joint transmission system of the space mechanical arm.Temperatures and thermal deformations of various components are computed to determine the system’s transmission accuracy.Findings reveal that the input gear consistently exhibits the highest temperature,reaching 162.86℃under varying operating conditions.A risk of tooth jamming arises at a temperature of 90℃.The system′s backlash is inversely proportional to transmission power and ambient temperature,with a maximum backlash of 2.79′observed.By increasing the tooth width of the input gear and adjusting the profile shift of each gear,the gear′s highest temperature is reduced by 13.58%,effectively mitigating the risk of tooth jamming in the transmission system.

关 键 词：空间机构 齿轮传动 温度场 热变形 传动精度 

分 类 号：V228.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]