轨道车辆脱轨检测技术研究  

Investigation on derailment detection technology of railway vehicles

作　　者：孙效杰 陈庄乐 陶强 陈迪来 SUN Xiaojie;CHEN Zhuangle;TAO Qiang;CHEN Dilai(School of Railway Transportation,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;China-Laos Railway Engineering of Shanghai"One Belt and One Way"International Joint Laboratory,Shanghai 201418,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学轨道交通学院,上海201418 [2]上海市“一带一路”中老铁路工程国际联合实验室,上海201418

出　　处：《应用技术学报》2025年第1期42-46,52,共6页Journal of Technology

基　　金：上海市科技计划项目(21210750300);上海市科委启明星计划项目(22YF1447600);上海应用技术大学中青年科技人才发展基金(ZQ2023-19)资助。

摘　　要：在列车运行中,车辆脱轨的因素多而复杂,且以脱轨系数和轮重减载率检测脱轨情况时有一定局限性,难以采集相关物理量。首先通过分析车辆脱轨机理及脱轨因素,以虚拟仿真的形式验证并确定易采集的脱轨检测的关键特征物理量即横向加速度和侧倾角;其次针对轨道车辆脱轨在线检测的技术难题,完成脱轨检测系统方案设计;再次结合试验方案选择相匹配的试验设备,搭建脱轨检测系统的软硬件;最后,基于搭建完成的转向架脱轨检测系统,分别在铁路货车动力学仿真模型和上海应用技术大学轨道交通试验线上进行脱轨试验验证。研究表明:基于横向加速度和侧倾角所设计的脱轨检测系统可以对轨道车辆进行准确的脱轨检测,在保障列车运行安全方面,具有重要的工程应用价值。During train operation,there are numerous and complex factors that can cause derailment,and there are certain limitations in detecting derailment using derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate,making it difficult to collect related physical quantities.Firstly,through analyzing the mechanisms and factors of vehicle derailment,the key characteristic physical quantities that are easy to collect for derailment detection,namely,lateral acceleration and roll angle,are verified and determined via virtual simulation.Secondly,addressing the technical challenges of online derailment detection for rail vehicles,a derailment detection system scheme is designed.Then,the matching test equipment is selected according to the test scheme,and the software and hardware of the derailment detection system are established.Finally,based on the completed bogie derailment detection system,the tests are conducted on the railway freight car dynamics simulation model and the rail test line in Shanghai Institute of Technology for verification.Research result indicates that the derailment detection system designed based on lateral acceleration and roll angle can accurately detect the derailment of rail vehicles,which has important engineering application value for ensuring the safety of train operation.

关 键 词：脱轨检测 横向加速度 侧倾角 虚拟仿真 

分 类 号：U298.51[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] U270.7[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]