情感与伦理:当代英美分析美学与列维纳斯他者理论比较研究  

Emotion and Ethics:Comparative Research on Contemporary Anglo-American Analytic Aesthetics and Levinas's Alterity Theory

作　　者：边文君 Bian Wenjun(School of Chinese Language and Literature of Central China Normal University,Wuhan,China 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院

出　　处：《当代外国文学》2025年第1期164-172,共9页Contemporary Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“文学伦理学批评的理论资源与对外传播研究”(21&ZD264)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以降,西方文论迎来伦理转向,其中英美分析美学和法国以列维纳斯为代表的他者理论共同聚焦情感与伦理的关系问题。在分析美学界关于伦理批评的讨论中,一些学者认为,文学能够为读者提供独特视角去体察、感受他人的处境和情感,通过这种情感认同,读者可以更好地理解和关怀他者。而基于列维纳斯理论所建立起的伦理批评则提倡一种以情动性/感受性为基础的伦理关系,通过保留人物情感的不可知性,来实现对他者的伦理关怀。两种观点虽切入点不同,但皆是从情感的角度去捍卫主体性,并致力于以情感为桥梁构建良性的主体间关系。在文学解读层面,二者可以实现一种互为参照、互为补充的视域融合,以破解现代与后现代之间同一与差异的矛盾困局。一方面以情动的他异性保持对情感认同的同一性的质疑,另一方面需积极倡导用文学语言对不可知的情动进行符号建构,将其纳入普适性的情感谱系的建设中,从而形成一种既有自反性又具包容性的良性循环。Since the 1970s,there has been an ethical turn generated in the western literary theories,in which Anglo-American analytic aesthetics and Levinas's alterity theory both focus on the relation between emotion and ethics.In the discussion of ethical criticism within the field of analytic aesthetics,some scholars believe that literature can provide readers with a unique perspective to empathize with characters,thus better understanding and caring about the other,while ethical criticism based on Levinas's theory advocates an ethical relationship on the basis of affectivity/sensibility,which preserves the unknowability of characters'emotions to ethically care about the other.Despite the distinction,both views tend to defend subjectivity and strive to construct a harmonious intersubjective relationship through emotion.In terms of literary interpretation,they can realize the fusion of horizons to mutually refer to and complement each other,and also to find a way out of the paradox between sameness of modernity and difference of postmodernity.On the one hand,the alterity of affect can keep questioning the homogeneity of empathy;on the other hand,there is a need to actively advocate the symbolic construction of affect by literary language,so that it can be gradually included in the construction of the universal spectrum of emotion and forms a virtuous circle that is both self-reflexive and inclusive.

关 键 词：列维纳斯 情感 情动 移情 伦理批评 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论]