宋学裂变,朱陆是争——《四库全书总目》儒家视域下的宋学批评  

Divisions within Song Confucianism Focusing on ZHU Xi and LU Jiuyuan——Examining the Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Fours Critique from a Confucian Perspective

作　　者：何宗美 HE Zongmei

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期5-25,205,共22页Journal of South China Normal University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“《四库全书总目》子部提要考辨与学术批评还原研究”(17AZW012)。

摘　　要：《四库全书总目》对宋学特点的概括可以用一个词来形容,那就是“分裂”。道学与儒林的分裂是第一层,道学再分为朱、陆二派是第二层。《四库全书总目》由此确立的批评态度是重儒林而轻道学,重朱学而轻陆学。但二者又并非《四库全书总目》思想的决定因素。之所以要重儒林、重朱学而轻道学、轻陆学,支配其褒贬倾向的根本原因是重实学而轻玄学。作为清代官学思想学术结晶的《四库全书总目》充分认识到了宋学之巨变,并且给予了深刻而精要的阐释,这是其重要价值。问题在于,它丝毫不认为这是一种思想进步运动,而是将其作为思想史上破坏古学、瓦解正统的消极性、颠覆性因素加以批判。The view of the Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four(the Catalogue)on the characteristics of Neo-Confucianism during the Song Dynasty can be summarized by one key term:division.The first dimension refers to the separation between traditional Confucian texts and Neo-Confucian Daoxue(道学),while the second is the division between the interpretations of Confucian thought by ZHU Xi and LU Jiuyuan.Based on these divisions,the Catalogue expresses a preference for traditional Confucianism over Daoxue(道学),and for ZHU over LU.It is important to clarify that the basis of this partiality lies in the Catalogue's preference for Shixue(real learning)over Xuanxue(verbal learning or the study of empty words).This stance reveals that,as the academic embodiment of Qing Dynasty's Guanxue(official learning),the Catalogue fully recognizes the significant transformations in Confucian thought during the Song period.It provides a comprehensive yet succinct interpretation of these changes,which stands as one of its key contributions.However,the Catalogue does not view these changes as intellectual progress.Instead,it critiques the Song discourses as disruptive to the history of thought,undermining traditional learning and challenging established orthodoxies.

关 键 词：《四库全书总目》 宋学 朱陆 实学 玄学 儒学观 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]