教育公平视角下高等教育代际传递效应研究  

Research on Intergenerational Transmission Effects in Higher Education from the Perspective of Educational Equity

作　　者：廖彬 黄斌 Liao Bin;Huang Bin

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《江苏高教》2025年第4期43-53,共11页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：2024年度江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“高等教育获得的代际传递研究”(KYCX24_00999)。

摘　　要：高等教育获得日益成为中国居民的基本诉求,较低的教育代际流动性制约高等教育的普及,且事关教育公平。文章基于人口抽样调查数据,在隔绝天赋遗传和家庭背景等遗漏变量的条件下,实证估计了中国近几十年来高等教育的代际影响大小和变化。结果显示,无论父亲还是母亲,其高等教育获得都会在一定程度上传递给下一代。这一代际影响在不同样本、不同年代和不同教育层级上存在异质性。父代是农村的个体其高等教育代际传递强度大于城市个体,但都随着父辈出生年代推移而逐渐消失。相比于专科教育,更具有“门槛”的本科教育的代际传递强度显著更大,在农村随着父亲出生年代推移甚至有增大的趋势。文章从弱势群体的补偿机制、高校学费标准和优质高等教育供给角度提出政策建议。The acquisition of higher education has increasingly become the basic demand of the residents of our country.However,the popularization of higher education is restricted by the lower intergenerational mobility of education.Based on the data of population sample survey,this paper empirically estimates the magnitude and change of intergenerational influence of higher education in China in recent decades,excluding missing variables such as genetic aptitude and family background.The results show that both fathers and mothers pass their higher education to the next generation to some extent.This intergenerational effect is heterogeneous across samples,generations and levels of education.The intensity of intergenerational transmission of higher education for rural individuals is greater than that of urban individuals,but all of them gradually disappear with the progress of their parents'birth years.Compared with specialized education,the intergenerational transmission intensity of undergraduate education,which has higher"threshold",is significantly greater,and even has a trend of increasing with the progress of their parents'birth years in rural areas.This paper puts forward some policy suggestions from the perspectives of compensation mechanism of the disadvantaged groups,tuition standard of colleges and universities and supply of high-quality higher education.

关 键 词：高等教育 代际传递 教育公平 教育补偿 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]