同词异译的文化隐史——以汉译佛典中“江”“河”的译例为中心  

The Embedded Cultural History in the Different Translation of the Same Word——An Example of“Jiang”and“He”Translation in Buddhist Scriptures

作　　者：湛如[1,2] 马熙 

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院 [2]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《文学与文化》2025年第1期65-73,共9页Literature and Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“印度古典梵语文艺学重要文献翻译与研究”(项目编号18ZDA286)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国河流名称的分布,因地而异:北方称“河”,南方称“江”,偶有称“水”。然而,江与河的区别,是汉语所特有的文化现象,二者的不同,实导源于南北社会历史文化的结构性演进。汉译佛典中,一条河流翻为“某江”还是“某河”,看似是因人而异,其背后却蕴含着不可不深思的文化隐史。对此,本文主要关注了以下三个问题:第一,“江”在汉唐佛经翻译实践中的从有到“无”;第二,“江”在汉唐梵语集中的从无到有;第三,“江”这一译例对南朝系正史外国传的影响。这些译例的变动,所折射的正是汉唐中国思想社会与佛教互相间的周流反馈。The naming of the rivers in China depends on the different locations,“he”in the North and“jiang”or occasionally“shui”in the South,The distinction between“he”and“jang”is a unique cultural phenomenon in the Chinese language,originating from the structural evolution of social,historical and cultural development in the North and the South.When translating Buddhist scriptures into the Chinese language,the river names with“jiang”or“he”contain the embedded cultural history,rather than the arbitrary translation of individual's favor as it appears to be.This phenomenon must be treated seriously in the following three aspects.First,“jiang”disappeared in the translation of Buddhist scriptures in the Han and Tang dynasties.Second,“jiang”began to appear in the translation of Sanskrit writings in the Han and Tang dynasties.Third,the translation of“jiang”in different contexts has an influence in the spread of the history of the Southern Dynasty to other countries.These changes in the translation reflect the mutual effects between the Chinese ideological society and Buddhism in the Han and Tang dynasties.

关 键 词：汉译佛典 江河 翻译史 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语]