天津市特殊教育学校学生筛查性近视现状及相关因素  

Prevalence and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools in Tianjin

作　　者：席薇[1] 韩慧 熊文娟 韩钰[1] 王慧 张欣[1] XI Wei;HAN Hui;XIONG Wenjuan;HAN Yu;WANG Hui;ZHANG Xin(School of Public Health,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin(300070),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津300070 [2]蚌埠医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第3期443-446,451,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82273655);天津市教委科研计划项目(2020KJ201)。

摘　　要：目的了解天津市特殊教育(以下简称“特教”)学校学生筛查性近视发生现状及相关因素,为提高特教学生健康水平提供依据。方法2021年11月至2023年12月,采用整群随机抽样方法从天津市5区6所特教学校抽取281名学生进行非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光视力检查和问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析特教学生筛查性近视相关因素。结果天津市特教学生筛查性近视检出率为27.0%,患孤独症、发育迟缓和智力障碍学生的筛查性近视检出率分别为22.4%,12.5%和33.0%。随年龄增长,近视程度增加(χ_(趋势)^(2)=22.65,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(10~13岁:OR=5.40,14~17岁:OR=8.40,18~23岁:OR=6.02)、住宿情况(走读:OR=0.29)、每日看手机≥2 h(OR=2.37)、每日看电脑和平板时长≥2 h(OR=2.70)与特教学生筛查性近视的发生相关(P值均<0.05)。结论特教学生筛查性近视检出率和近视程度均随年龄升高,长时间视屏是特教学生筛查性近视相关因素,应结合特教学生特点开展精准近视防控。Objective To understand the current situation and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools,so as to provide evidence for promoting the health level of this population.Methods From November 2021 to December 2023,a total of 281 students from 6 special education schools in 5 districts of Tianjin were selected by cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non-ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey.Multiple Logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of screening myopia among special education students.Results The screening myopia detection rate among these special education students in Tianjin was 27.0%,and the screening myopia detection rates of students with autism,developmental delays,and intellectual disabilities were 22.4%,12.5%,and 33.0%,respectively.The degree of myopia increased with age(χ_(trend)^(2)=22.65,P<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(10-13 years old:OR=5.40,14-17 years old:OR=8.40,18-23 years old:OR=6.02),accommodation(non-resident:OR=0.29),daily mobile phone usage≥2 hours(OR=2.37),and daily computer/tablet usage≥2 hours(OR=2.70)were the risk factors for screening myopia among special education students(P<0.05).Conclusions The detection rate and degree of screening myopia increase with age in special education students.Prolonged screen time exposure is a primary risk factor for screening myopia in special education students.Effective myopia prevention and control strategies should be designed according to the characteristics of special education students.

关 键 词：近视 回归分析 学生 残疾人 

分 类 号：G627.88[文化科学—教育学] R778.11[医药卫生—眼科] G479[医药卫生—临床医学]