“六三三”学制去往何处  

Where is the Future of the“6-3-3”Education System

作　　者：刘大伟[1] LIU Dawei(The Institute.for Educational Statistics,China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Reijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院教育统计分析研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2025年第2期65-73,共9页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度教育学一般课题“面向优质均衡的基本公共教育服务测度与指向研究”[BGA220149]。

摘　　要：学制是一个国家的基本教育制度,是关乎教育发展方向和路径的重要议题。回溯百年,我国实施“六三三”学制可以归因于宏观、中观和微观三个层面,即适应了时代发展的要求,提升了教育质量和学校普及程度,并且适配了儿童身心发展规律。时至今日,面对教育的新理念、新目标和新环境,“六三三”学制已经无法完全适应时代的要求。未来的学制改革需要深刻把握教育的政治属性、人民属性和战略属性,聚焦百姓心之所想,关注重大时代变革,以实现“为党育人、为国育才”的目的。在具体实践中,以公信力、前瞻性、长期性、动态性为原则,学制改革可以分两条路径实施:其一,以弹性学制改革丰富学制的“血肉”,使其能够更好助力学生的成长;其二,以固定学制改革重塑学制的“根骨”,构建与经济社会发展和学生身心特征相适配的学制体系。The education system constitutes the fundamental educational framework of a country and plays a vital role in shaping the direction and path of education development.Looking back at a hundred years ago,the reason for implementing the“6-3-3”education system in China can be attributed to factors at macro,meso and micro levels—namely,its alignment with the requirements of the development of the times,enhancement of educational quality and school accessibility,and its suitability for children's physical and mental development.However,in the light of emerging educational philosophies,goals and environments,the“6-3-3”education system can no longer fully meet contemporary needs.Future reforms must deeply consider the political,societal,and strategic dimensions of education,addressing public aspirations and significant historical shifts to achieve the mission of“cultivating talent for the Party and the state”.In practice,guided by principles of credibility,foresight,adaptability,and sustainability,reforms can proceed along two paths:first,introducing flexible educational structures to enrich the system's“flesh and blood”,better supporting student development;and second,reforming fixed structures to reshape the system's“skeleton”,creating a framework that aligns with socio-economic progress and students'evolving physical and psychological characteristics.

关 键 词：“六三三”学制 人才培养 人口战略 弹性学制 固定学制 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]