教育法法典化背景下专门教育的立法前瞻  

Legislative Prospects for Specialized Education in the Context of the Codification of Education Law

作　　者：周颖 任海涛 ZHOU Ying;REN Haitao(School of Griminal Justice,Shanghai Unipersity of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China;Law School,East China Normal Unitersity,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院刑事司法学院,上海201701 [2]华东师范大学法学院,上海200241

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2025年第2期92-100,共9页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：2023年度全国教育科学规划课题教育部重点项目“以评估矫治一体化为核心的专门教育改革实证研究”[DHA230411]。

摘　　要：作为国民教育体系的重要组成部分,专门教育是教育法典不可或缺的内容。教育法的法典化进程为从教育视角优化和完善专门教育立法带来了历史性机遇。当前专门教育的法律规范存在立法与实践脱节、概念模糊、未成年人受教育权保障不足以及教育部门在立法中的参与度不够等问题。建议在教育法典总则中进一步明确专门教育的立法目的、法律属性等关键内容。鉴于当前专门教育立法基础薄弱,建议优先制定单行法,待时机成熟后再将其纳入教育法典分则。专门教育单行法应具体明确专门教育的定义、原则、类型,并构建教育与司法的协同机制及健全的评估监督体系。通过教育领域内系统化的立法,能够有效推动专门教育的发展,进一步保障未成年人的受教育权与合法权益。As a vital component of the national education system,the legislation governing specialized education is an indispensable part of the education code.The codification of education law offers a historic opportunity to optimize and improve the legislation for specialized education from an educational perspective.Currently,there are several issues within the legal framework of specialized education,such as the disconnect between legislation and practice,conceptual ambiguity,inadequate protection of minors'right to education,and the limited involvement of educational authorities in the legislative process.It is recommended that the general provisions of the education code clearly define the legislative objectives and legal attributes of specialized education.Given the weak foundation of the current specialized education legislation,a standalone law should be prioritized,with the possibility of later incorporation into the education code when conditions allow.The standalone law should clearly specify the definitions,principles,and types of specialized education,while establishing mechanisms for collaboration between the education and judicial systems,along with a robust evaluation and oversight framework.Systematic legislation in the field of education will effectively promote the development of specialized education and further safeguard minors'right to education and their legal rights.

关 键 词：教育法 法典化 教育法典 专门教育 工读教育 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]