中国文艺批评的人本主义传统及其现代转化  

The Humanistic Tradition of Chinese Literary Criticism and Its Modern Transformation

作　　者：李震[1] Li Zhen

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,西安710119

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2025年第3期128-148,207,共22页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：中国古代文艺批评形成了自己独特的人本主义传统,包括以“道”命名的形而上观念、以人的生存发展需求和人的感知心智为基础的文艺理论,以及感悟式的批评形态、感官与直觉化的批评话语、“知人论世”“以意逆志”的批评方法。从人的需求、人的感知出发的批评传统,与以人的解放和全面发展为目标的马克思主义构成了内在的契合。中国文艺批评人本主义传统的现代转化既是历史发展和文化建构的必然逻辑,也有多种可能路径。构建以马克思主义为指导的中国现代文艺批评的民族主体性,构建具有中国特色的文艺批评学科体系、学术体系、话语体系,已是当今文艺批评界的紧迫课题。民族复兴的时代语境、“以人民为中心”的文艺导向、日益智能化的数字媒介等,正在成为激活中国文艺批评人本主义传统的新的时代因素。Ancient Chinese literary criticism cultivated a distinctive humanistic tradition encompassing metaphysical conceptions articulated through the notion of " Dao," literary theories grounded in human existential and developmental needs as well as perceptual and cognitive faculties,and an intuitive critical mode expressed through sensory and instinctual discourse and methodologies such as " knowing people to understand the world" and " deducing intentions from meaning." This critical tradition,rooted in human needs and perception,exhibits an inherent affinity with Marxism's vision of human emancipation and holistic development.The modern transformation of this humanistic tradition in Chinese literary criticism,coupled with its synthesis and complementarity with Western traditions,emerges as both a logical outcome of historical and cultural evolution and a process replete with diverse possibilities.On this basis,the pressing task for contemporary literary criticism studies is to establish a national subjectivity for modern Chinese literary criticism under the aegis of Marxist principles,while constructing a disciplinary,academic,and discursive framework distinguished by Chinese characteristics.The context of national rejuvenation,the "people-centered" literary orientation,and the advent of increasingly intelligent digital media are coalescing as new epochal forces,revitalizing the humanistic tradition in Chinese literary criticism.

关 键 词：中国现代文艺批评 人本主义传统 西方批评传统 民族主体性 

分 类 号：I06[文学—文学理论]