法国大革命与席勒《审美教育书简》的19世纪德国社会构想  

The French Revolution and The Germany Society Concept in Nineteenth-Century of Schiller’s On the Aesthetic Education of Man

作　　者：侯瑞 Hou Rui

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学文学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2025年第1期133-141,160,共10页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“中国美学的现代转型”(编号:12JZD017)。

摘　　要：法国大革命对作为历史学家的席勒影响至深,树立了他的历史观念,在《审美教育书简》中也有所体现。《审美教育书简》以大革命为历史支点,思考18至19世纪之交法国社会的历史样态,认为“人性的分裂”是形成这种样态的根源,并以此为中心形成历史观念。席勒认为,从“强制国家”到“自由国家”的断裂和大革命之后文明秩序崩塌成为当时的“时代性格”,并且成为德国社会建构的历史背景之一。席勒回应了大革命之后德意志民族的社会、人性和自由问题,认为以“自由”为核心的美育能够调和社会的断裂,进而思考德意志的民族、社会和人的存在等问题。假道法国大革命,席勒在《审美教育书简》中形成了19世纪德国社会相关构想,这成为他作为德国启蒙主义者和民族主义者的先声。The French Revolution had a profound impact on Schiller as a historian,establishing his conception of history,which is also reflected in On the Aesthetic Education of Man.Taking the Revolution as the historical fulcrum,On the Aesthetic Education of Man considers the historical pattern of French society at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries,arguing that the‘division of human nature’is the root cause of this pattern,and forming a conception of history centred on it.According to Schiller,the break from the‘coercive state’to the‘free state’and the collapse of the civilized order after the Revolution became the‘character of the times’at that time,and one of the historical backgrounds for the construction of German society.Schiller responded to the problems of society,humanity and freedom of the German nation after the Revolution,and believed that aesthetic education centred on‘freedom’could reconcile the social rupture,and then thought about the problems of the German nation,society and the existence of human beings.On the back of the French Revolution,Schiller developed the Germany Society Concept in 19th century in his On the Aesthetic Education of Man,which became his precursor as a German Enlightenment and nationalist.

关 键 词：法国大革命 席勒 审美教育书简 社会构想 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]