无人机搭载气体探测器快速识别林地火及产物的技术  

Technology for rapid identification of initial forest fires and their products using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with gas detectors

作　　者：白家林 彭梓晴 袁昊雨 王越 何诚 Bai Jialin;Peng Ziqing;Yuan Haoyu;Wang Yue;He Cheng(Nanjing Police University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京警察学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2025年第4期553-558,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2202003);国家自然科学基金项目(32371891);江苏省级产教融合重点基地项目。

摘　　要：为快速、有效监测森林火灾发生,提高森林火灾监测效率,提出一种无人机搭载气体探测器快速识别森林火灾及产物的技术。该技术利用无人机搭载气体勘测设备,在模拟林火试验场地,对森林火灾发生时产生的气体成分以及固体颗粒物浓度进行实时监测,研究气体成分与固体颗粒物浓度变化与森林火灾发生的联系。研究数据表明,在森林火灾燃烧初期,NO_(2)气体、O_(3)+NO_(2)气体以及3种固体颗粒物(PM1.0、PM2.5、PM10)的含量会迅速增加,在燃烧中期时达到峰值后保持平稳,在燃烧后期和灭火后会逐渐下降到正常范围内;气体与固体颗粒物的含量随着监测点与火源距离的增大而减小。本试验根据不同高度的气体含量平均值和固体颗粒物浓度变化趋势,可对森林火灾中的气体和固体颗粒物的排放量进行定性,为精准监测森林火灾的发生提供有效数据。In order to quickly and effectively monitor forest fires and improve the efficiency of forest fire detection,this paper proposes a technique for quickly identifying initial fire onset in forests by using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with gas detectors.The technique uses unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with gas detection equipment for real-time monitoring of gas components and solid particle concentrations produced when a forest fire occurs in a simulated forest fire site,and studies the correlation between the variation of gas components and solid particle concentrations and the occurrence of forest fires.The research data showed that during the initial stage of forest fire combustion,the content of NO_(2) and O_(3)+NO_(2) gases and three types of solid particles(PM1.0,PM2.5,PM10)would rapidly increase,peak during the mid-combustion stage,and then gradually return to normal ranges post-combustion or after extinguishment.The content of gases and solid particles decreased as the distance from the monitoring sites to the fire source increased.This experiment can provide useful data for accurate monitoring of forest fires by observing the average gas content and trend of solid particle concentrations at various heights,thereby enabling the qualitative measurement of emissions during a forest fire.

关 键 词：无人机 森林火灾 林火监测 气体勘测 预警 

分 类 号：S776.292[农业科学—森林工程] S762.1[农业科学—林学]