成熟期对蓝莓果实外观特征、生物活性成分及抗氧化能力的影响  

Effects of maturity on appearance characteristics,bioactive components,and antioxidant capacity of blueberry fruits

作　　者：熊颖 舒曼 欧光梅 吴思政 禹霖 XIONG Ying;SHU Man;OU Guangmei;WU Sizheng;YU Lin(Hunan Botanical Garden,Changsha,Hunan 410116,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省植物园,湖南长沙410116

出　　处：《食品与机械》2025年第3期126-133,共8页Food and Machinery

基　　金：湖南省林业科技攻关与创新项目(编号:XLK202416)。

摘　　要：[目的]确定蓝莓果实的最佳采收期。[方法]以蓝金、乡铃、绿宝石、灿烂、珠宝、莱克西和奥尼尔7个蓝莓品种为研究对象,检测蓝莓果实不同成熟度时的外观和生物活性成分。[结果]蓝莓果实在成熟过程中由0.58~1.05 g膨大至1.40~3.00 g,总酚和总黄酮含量波动较大,总花色苷含量持续上升至71.44~275.33 mg/100 g FW。蓝莓果实完全成熟时具有最强的DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力以及铁离子还原能力。蓝莓果实花青素组成和含量受成熟期影响较大,飞燕草色素和锦葵色素是成熟蓝莓果实中的主要色素,两者占比为50.62%~77.33%。[结论]蓝莓果实的采摘时期以完全成熟为佳,此时的蓝莓果实生物活性成分含量最高,具有最佳的保健功效;其次为紫红色向紫黑色转变时,此时蓝莓的保健功效略低于完全成熟的果实。[Objective]To determine the optimal harvesting period for blueberry fruits.[Methods]Seven blueberry cultivars,Bluegold,Homebell,Emerald,Brightwell,Jewelry,Legacy,and O'Neal,were used as research subjects to evaluate the appearance and bioactive components of blueberry fruits at different stages of maturation.[Results]During maturation,the weight of blueberry fruits expanded from 0.58~1.05 g to 1.40~3.00 g.The content of total phenols and total flavonoids fluctuated considerably,while the total anthocyanins content steadily increased to 71.44~275.33 mg/100 g FW.Fully ripe blueberry fruits demonstrated the highest DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and iron ion reduction ability.The composition and content of anthocyanins in the fruits were greatly influenced by the maturation stage.Delphinidin and malvidin were the predominant pigments in fully ripe blueberries,accounting for 50.62%~77.33%of the total pigment content.[Conclusion]The optimal harvesting period for blueberry fruits is when they are fully ripe,as this is when the bioactive component content is highest,offering the best health benefits.The next best period is during the transition from purple-red to purple-black,when the health benefits are slightly lower than those of fully ripe fruits.

关 键 词：蓝莓 成熟期 外观特征 生物活性成分 花青素 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]