2018—2022年青岛市居民主要膳食总汞污染水平及暴露评估  

Pollution level and exposure assessment of total mercury in the main diet of residents in Qingdao City,2018-2022

作　　者：石学香 赵婷[2] 王文成 李传秀 刘健康 杨晶 SHI Xuexiang;ZHAO Ting;WANG Wencheng;LI Chuanxiu;LIU Jiankang;YANG Jing(Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine),Qingdao,Shandong 266033,China;Qingdao Municipal Hospital,Qingdao,Shandong 266000,China;School of Public Health,Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang,Shandong 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市疾病预防控制中心(青岛市预防医学研究院),山东青岛266033 [2]青岛市市立医院,山东青岛266000 [3]山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2025年第2期155-158,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2016WS0310);青岛市医疗卫生优秀人才培养项目资助(青卫政字[2022]6号)。

摘　　要：目的分析青岛市居民主要食品中总汞含量水平,对居民通过膳食途径暴露于总汞的健康风险进行初步评估。方法2018—2022年在全市10个区市随机采集9大类1791份食物样品,以《食品安全国家标准食品中总汞及有机汞的测定》(GB/T 5009.17-2021)为依据测定食品中总汞的含量,结合居民膳食消费量,比照总汞的每周耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)及安全限值(margin of safety,MOS)进行总汞的单因子污染指数的计算与慢性膳食暴露评估。结果1791份样品中总汞检出率为71.30%,超标率为0.89%,检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6024.982,P<0.05)。水产品及其制品总汞含量最大值和均值分别为496、21.13μg/kg,共有3种食物类别检测出总汞含量超标,分别为蔬菜及其制品(1.01%)、乳及乳制品(1.79%)、特殊膳食用食品(4.86%)。消费量均值最高的食品类别主要为蔬菜及其制品(130.08 g/d)、谷物及其制品(127.42 g/d)和乳及乳制品(110.58 g/d)。9类食品中5类Pi<0.2,9类食品MOS值均>1,周总汞暴露量均低于PTWI值,周总汞暴露的贡献率最高的食品类别为水产品及其制品(10.94%)。结论青岛市居民主要食品中,总汞的膳食暴露水平均为人体可接受的安全水平,但因水产品及其制品的居民膳食总汞贡献率均最高,需警惕此类食品中膳食总汞暴露对人体健康的危害。Objective To analyze the level of total mercury content in the main food of residents in Qingdao City,and to preliminarily assess the health risk of residents’exposure to total mercury through dietary route.Methods A total of 1,791 food samples of 9 categories were randomly collected in 10 districts and cities of Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022,and the content of total mercury in food was determined based on Determination of Total Mercury and Organic Mercury in Food with the National Food Safety Standards(GB/T 5009.17-2021).Combined with the residents’dietary consumption,the single factor pollution index of total mercury was calculated and chronic dietary exposure was assessed by comparing the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI)and margin of safety(MOS)of total mercury.Results The detection rate of total mercury in the 1,791 samples was 71.30%,and the excess rate was 0.89%,showing statistically significant differences in the detection rates(χ^(2)=6,024.982,P<0.05).The maximum and average levels of total mercury in aquatic products and their products were 496μg/kg and 21.13μg/kg respectively.A total of three categories of foods were found to have excessive total mercury content,namely vegetables and their products(1.01%),milk and dairy products(1.79%)and foods for special dietary uses(4.86%).The categories of foods with the highest average consumption were vegetables and their products(130.08 g/d),cereals and their products(127.42 g/d)and milk and dairy products(110.58 g/d).Among the 9 categories of foods,the Pi in 5 categories of foods was<0.2.The MOS values of the 9 categories of foods were all>1.The weekly total mercury exposures in the 9 categories of foods were all lower than the PTWI value.The food category with the highest contribution rate of weekly total mercury exposure was aquatic products and their products(10.94%).Conclusion The dietary exposure levels of total mercury in the main foods of residents in Qingdao City are all acceptable and safe levels for humans.However,the contribution rate

关 键 词：食品安全 总汞 食品污染物 污染水平 暴露评估 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]