晚清《京报》中的活词印刷探析  

An Exploration of Compound Type Printing in Late Qing Peking Gazette

作　　者：孙飞鹏 余康康 雷榕 SUN Feipeng;YU Kangkang;LEI Rong(School of Humanities,Xi'an Jiaotong University)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文学院

出　　处：《印刷文化(中英文)》2025年第1期7-20,共14页Print Culture

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目课题“活字印刷鉴别方法及活字印刷排版程式研究”(项目编号:11XJC870002)研究成果;陕西省重点产业创新链项目“超精细大型文化遗址数字采集及数字孪生关键技术”资助(项目编号:2023-ZDLGY-47)。

摘　　要：活词印刷是活字印刷技术的一种特殊形态。本文通过对日本早稻田大学所藏28份晚清《京报》的研究整理,确定其为活字印本。在此基础上,进一步确认《京报》在印刷中运用了与单个字模大小相若的词语印模(活词印模)。这些活词印模中的词语均为使用频次较高的两字词,依据内容可将其分为地名词、文体词、数词、时间词、职务词和官署名词六类。《京报》中活词印模的运用充分展现了印刷工匠的智慧,不仅提高了印刷的栋字排版效率,也在一定程度上节约了纸墨用量,进而节省了印刷成本。对晚清《京报》活词印刷现象的阐释丰富了我们对中国活字印刷术及其发展历程的认识。Compound type printing represents a specialized form of movable type technology.Through systematic analysis of 28 late Qing Peking Gazette issues preserved at Waseda University,this study confirms their production via movable type printing.Further investigation reveals the innovative use of standardized lexical modules-termed(compound type modules)-equivalent in size to individual character types.These modules predominantly feature high-frequency two-character compounds,categorized into six functional groups:geographical terms,literary genre terms,numerical terms,temporal terms,official titles,and governmental institution terms.The application of compound type modules in Peking Gazette production demonstrates the technical ingenuity of Qing printers,enhancing typesetting efficiency while optimizing ink and paper consumption,thereby reducing operational costs.This research enriches our understanding of China's movable type printing evolution and its practical adaptations during the late imperial era.

关 键 词：活词印刷 《京报》 活字印刷 印刷术 

分 类 号：TS805[轻工技术与工程]