中国特殊教育的民族性探析  

A Probe into the Nationality of S pecial Education in China

作　　者：赵斌[1] 杭飞 ZHAO Bin;HANG Fei(Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2025年第2期3-10,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2022年高等教育科学规划重大课题“专业认证背景下特殊教育师范专业建设研究”(编号:22TS0101)的研究成果。

摘　　要：系统回顾我国特殊教育发展历史,可以清晰地看到其中所蕴含的中华民族特有的民族精神、民族文化、民族思想、民族实践:其一,舶来基础上形成了反映中国时代变革的特殊教育学科,形成了探索—初创—成熟的学科发展轨迹;其二,传承基础上构建了体现中华优秀文化的特殊教育理念,并与中华优秀传统文化中的价值倾向、教学思想和精神意蕴一脉相承;其三,创新基础上探索出具有中国本土特色的特殊教育实践,具体表现在明确教育对象、开展随班就读、打造多元安置体系、建立支持保障体系方面。教育的民族性在历史演绎和时代价值两个维度上彰显出重要的意义。鉴于此,未来中国特殊教育应着眼于学科发展构建中国特殊教育学科体系、基于中华民族优秀传统文化丰富理论基础、立足解决实践难题推动特殊教育高质量发展。Since the establishment of the Beijing School for the Blind(Goze Tongwenguan)in 1874,modern special education in China has undergone 15Oyears of development.A systematic review of the Developments of Chinese Special Education reveals the unique national spirit,national culture,national thought and national practice of the Chinese nation.First,the discipline of special education was initially shaped by imported materials,reflecting the evolving context of Chinese society.The process has followed a clear developmental trajectory,progressing from its exploration,establishment to maturity.Second,the concept of special education has been constructed to embody the essence of Chinese culture,drawing on the value orientation,educational phylosophies and spiritual connotations of traditional Chinese culture.Third,the innovative practices in special education with traditional Chinese characteristics has been explored.These include defining clear education objectives,implementing learning in regular class,building a diversified placement system,and establishing robust support and guarantee systems.The significance of the nationality of education is evident in both its historical interpretation and contemporary value.Looking ahead,the future of special education in China should prioritize the development of discipline by building a unique Chinese system of special education.This involves enriching its theoretical foundation through the nation's excellent traditional culture,and promoting the high-quality development of special education by addressing practical challenges.

关 键 词：中国特殊教育 民族性 中华民族 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]