雪茄烟叶霉变生防菌株筛选及冻干菌剂制备  

Screening biocontrol strain against mildew on cigar tobacco leaves and preparation of a freeze-dried bacterial agent

作　　者：郭紫莹 芦柯 李宜馨 王钰 冯东民 李萌 李晓 刘琳琳 胡延奇[2] 时永楠 GUO Ziying;LU Ke;LI Yixin;WANG Yu;FENG Dongmin;LI Meng;LI Xiao;LIU Linlin;HU Yanqi;SHI Yongnan(College of Tobacco Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Jinan Cigarette Factory,China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250104,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业大学烟草科学与工程学院,郑州450001 [2]山东中烟工业有限责任公司济南卷烟厂,济南市250104

出　　处：《烟草科技》2025年第4期53-62,共10页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：山东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“基于生物技术的雪茄烟叶防霉控霉研究”(KJXM-GS-202202006)。

摘　　要：为利用生物菌剂防控发酵过程中雪茄烟叶的霉变,采用平板对峙法从未霉变雪茄烟叶中筛选出抑霉效果较好的拮抗菌株,并采用单因素结合响应面法优化拮抗菌株的发酵条件,通过真空冷冻干燥法制备生物菌剂并研究其对雪茄烟叶霉变的防控效果以及对雪茄烟感官质量的影响。结果表明:筛选出1株能抑制黄曲霉(Aspergillusflavus)的生防菌株LK6,并鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。优化后的发酵条件为pH7、温度30℃、转速194 r/min、接种量6.5%。并制备了保护剂为10%蔗糖溶液的冻干菌剂,菌株存活率达到82.61%;LK6冻干菌剂稀释104倍后仍能有效抑制黄曲霉的生长,且喷施LK6冻干菌剂后对雪茄烟感官质量无负面影响。LK6冻干菌剂的稳定性和施用效果均较好,为雪茄烟叶防霉菌剂的开发及应用奠定了基础。To prevent and control mildew on cigar tobacco leaves in their fermentation process by biocontrol agents,an antagonistic strain with better mildew inhibitory effect was isolated from non-mildewed cigar tobacco leaves using the plate confrontation method.The fermentation conditions for the isolated antagonistic strain were optimized using a combination of single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.A biocontrol bacterial agent was prepared using vacuum freeze-drying technology,and its efficacy in preventing mould and its impact on the sensory quality of cigars were evaluated.The results showed that a biocontrol strain LK6 capable of inhibiting Aspergillusflavus was screened and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.The optimized fermentation conditions for strain LK6 were pH 7,30℃,rotation speed of 194 r/min,and inoculation volume of 6.5%.The freeze-dried bacterial agent was prepared with 10%sucrose as cryoprotectant,and the strain survival rate reached 82.61%.The freeze-dried agent of LK6 could effectively inhibit the growth of A.flavus even at the dilution ratio of 104,and there was no negative effect on the sensory quality of cigars by spraying the agent on cigar tobacco leaves.The stability and application efficacy of the freeze-dried agent of LK6 were satisfactory,providing a basis for using anti-mildew bioagents for cigar tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：雪茄烟叶 霉变 生防菌株 发酵条件 冻干菌剂 

分 类 号：TS414[农业科学—烟草工业]