《淮南子》道主儒辅的“大一统”思想结构  

The ideological structure of“Great Unity”of“taking Taoism as the main way and Confucianism as the assistant”in“Huainan Zi”

作　　者：祁志祥 QI Zhixiang

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学人文社会科学高等研究院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2025年第2期290-304,共15页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“‘人的觉醒’:周代思想的启蒙景观”(项目号:21FZXB025)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：刘安的《淮南子》是汉景帝时期成书的一部探讨帝王之道的政论巨著。面对春秋战国时期数百年的诸侯割据兼并战争和秦朝追求的帝王“大一统”及其施暴而亡的秦鉴,从陆贾、贾谊到刘安,他们都不约而同地继承了秦朝的皇帝集权追求,又不谋而合地提出“武攻而文守”的思路。什么是守天下的长治久安之道呢?刘安《淮南子》提出“太上曰道”“其次曰儒”“再次刑兵”。道家“清虚无为”的“至德之世”是理想,儒家的“仁义”是“治之所以为本者”。糅合儒、道思想看,帝王的职责是“为民兴利除害”;帝王之术是“贵因”,因天因神因臣因民,为天下安康服务;以道统法,以德治兵。《淮南子》是武帝之前汉初“贵黄老,尚清虚”时代的标志性子书,然而即便在该书探讨的帝王之道中,儒家的仁义思想也占有重要地位。这为汉武帝“独尊儒术”思想方针的确立奠定了基础。Huainan Zi by Liu An is a great political treatise written during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han dynasty.In response to the centuries of annexation wars of vassal states during the Spring and Autumn Period,as well as Qin Dynasty’s pursuit of“Da Yitong(Great Unity)”and its downfall due to tyranny,Lu Jia,Jia Yi and Liu An all inherited the Qin Dynasty’s ideal of centralized imperial authority,and also put forward a governance strategy of“Get the country by force,keep the country by civilization”.What is the way to maintain long-term peace and stability in governing the country?Liu An’s Huainan Zi put forward that“Tao is the highest principle”,“followed by Confucianism”and“followed by punishment and military force”.Taoism’s vision of“Era of Supreme Virtue”that is characterized by“pure emptiness”is the ideal,Confucianism’s“benevolence and justice”serves as“the foundational principle of governance”.Combining Confucianism and Taoism,the emperor’s duty was to“benefit the people and eliminate harm”;while the art of governing lies in“good at adapting”,adapting to Heaven,to spirits,to ministers,to the people,to ensure the country’s peace and prosperity;Rule law by Tao and military force by virtue.Huainan Zi is a landmark work in the early Han Dynasty before the era of Emperor Wudi,an era characterized by“reverence for Huang-Lao thought and an emphasis on pure emptiness”.Huainan Zi nonetheless assigns a significant role to Confucian ideals of benevolence and justice in its discourse on governing ways of the emperor.This laid a foundation for the establishment of Emperor Wudi’s ideological policy of“only Confucianism”.

关 键 词：《淮南子》 道主儒辅 大一统 思想结构 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K23[历史地理—历史学]