师生关系与农村儿童认知能力改善:理论机制与政策效应分析  

Teacher-Student Relationship and Improvement of Rural Children's Cognitive Ability:An Analysis of Theoretical Mechanism and Policy Effect

作　　者：叶晓梅 YE Xiaomei(Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学政府管理学院,100081

出　　处：《教育科学研究》2025年第4期60-68,共9页Educational Science Research

摘　　要：依据生态系统理论和皮格马利翁效应的理论框架,并基于中国教育追踪调查数据,采用OLS回归和Blinder-Oaxaca差异分解方法,探究师生关系与农村儿童认知能力改善的理论机制与政策效应。研究发现,农村儿童的认知能力显著低于城市儿童,而师生关系是影响儿童认知能力的重要因素,能有效解释城乡儿童差距。通过政策模拟将农村儿童师生关系质量提高至城市儿童均值水平,结果显示,城乡儿童的认知能力差距缩小2.93%~4.18%。采用结构方程模型的分析发现,师生关系会通过提升农村儿童的教师支持、自我教育期望、学校归属感、学习胜任力和学习毅力、并降低问题行为的中介机制,对其认知能力发展产生显著的正向影响。未来政策干预需定向发力,从外部支持到学生内化,切实改善师生关系与农村儿童认知能力滞后的现状。Based on the theoretical framework of ecosystem theory and the Pygmalion effect and using data from the China Education Panel Survey,this study uses OLS regression and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition methods to explore the theoretical mechanisms and policy effects of teacher-student relationships on the improvement of rural children's cognitive abilities.It found that the cognitive abilities of rural children were significantly lower than urban children.Teacher-student relationship was essential to children's cognitive ability and could effectively explain the gap between urban and rural children.By simulating policies to raise the quality of teacher-student relationships among rural children to the average level of urban children,the results showed that the gap between urban and rural children narrowed by 2.93%~4.18%.An analysis based on structural equation model found that teacher-student relationship significantly positively impacted trural children's cognitive abilities through mediating mechanisms such as increasing teacher support,self-education expectation,school belonging,learning competence and perseverance,and reducing problem behaviors.Future policy interventions need to be targeted,from external support to student internalization,to improve the current situation of lagging teacher-student relationship and cognitive abilities of rural children.

关 键 词：师生关系 认知能力 学习心理与行为 教师支持 

分 类 号：G436[文化科学—教育学]