马克思论“人的本质力量”的确证与占有  

Marx on the Confirmation and Possession of“Human Essential Power”

作　　者：张乾 刘同舫[1,2] Zhang Qian;Liu Tongfang(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地浙江大学马克思主义理论创新与传播研究中心

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2025年第4期110-117,160,共9页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：2023年度浙江大学马克思主义学院研究生科研支持计划重点项目“中国式现代化拓展中蕴含的‘文明辩证法’研究”(myjs2023-14)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“人的本质力量”是人通过感性对象性活动改造自身与自然的力量,以确证和占有为切入点有利于以动态发展的视角更完整地理解马克思对“人的本质力量”的论述。人类感觉力量和工业生产的发展史共同构成马克思视野中人类对自身本质力量的确证史,而以人类为主体的确证和以个体为主体的占有不是同一历史环节。个体在占有“人的本质力量”的历史阶段,能够以感觉需要的满足实现自我享受,可以通过物质生产活动完整性发展自身。在资本主义生产方式下,劳动者创造了丰富的物质对象,也生成了具有全面深刻感觉的人类,却无法满足劳动者个体的丰富感觉需要,甚至使自身逐渐丧失社会属性,“人的本质力量”的“类”确证和“个体”占有处于错位状态,只有通过扬弃私有财产和变革生产关系,人类总体和个体才能在更高的历史阶段实现对“人的本质力量”的确证与占有的统一。“Human essential power”is the power of human to transform himself and nature through the perceptual object activity,and taking confirmation and possession as the entry point is conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of Marx’s exposition on the“Human essential power”from the perspective of dynamic development.The rich history of sensory power and the developmental history of industrial production together constitute the history of humanity’s confirmation of its essential power in Marx’s vision,where confirmation with humanity as the subject and possession with the individual as the subject do not belong to the same historical stage.At the historical stage where individuals possess the“Human essential power”,they can achieve self-enjoyment through the satisfaction of sensory needs and develop themselves comprehensively through material production activities.Under the capitalist mode of production,laborers have created abundant material objects,and also generated human beings with comprehensive and profound feelings,but they are unable to satisfy the rich sensory needs of individual laborer,even gradually lose their social attributes.The“species”confirmation and“individual”possession of the“Human essential power”are in a state of dislocation.Only by abandoning private property and changing the relations of production can human beings as a whole and individuals achieve the unity of the confirmation and possession of“Human essential power”at a higher historical stage.

关 键 词：马克思 人的本质力量 感性对象性活动 确证 占有 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]