传统深蹲与血流限制伴低强度杠铃深蹲对大学生纵跳能力影响研究  

Experimental Study on the Influence of Traditional Squat and low Intensity Barbell Squat with Blood flow Restriction on Vertical Jump Ability

作　　者：崔健华 张俊杰 黄慧 郭文超 CUI Jianhua;ZHANG Junjie;HUANG Hui;无(Nanjing Polytechnic Institute;Capital University of Physical Education and sports,Beijing,100191,China;School of Athletic Sports,Beijing Sport University,Bejing,100084,China;Department of Physical Education,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing,100192,China)

机构地区：[1]南京科技职业学院 [2]首都体育学院研究生部,北京100191 [3]北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京100084 [4]北京信息科技大学体育部,北京100192

出　　处：《四川体育科学》2025年第2期142-148,共7页Sichuan Sports Science

基　　金：国家科技攻关计划(2018YFF0300801);国家社科基金项目(20BTY063);北京信息科技大学2024年教改立项项目(2024JGYB49)。

摘　　要：目的:探究血流限制(Blood Flow Restriction,BFR)伴低强度杠铃深蹲练习和传统高强度杠铃深蹲练习对体育院校大学生纵跳能力的影响,并从运动力学参数指标视角,分析不同负荷强度、不同刺激模式干预后跳跃表现的急性效应。方法:按照随机交叉对照实验设计,12名男性大学生运动员按随机顺序完成90%1RM杠铃深蹲(90%1RM Back Squat,90%1RM@BS)、30%1RM杠铃深蹲伴随血流限制(30%1RM@BS+BFR)、无干预空白对照(Control,CON),每次实验洗脱期为72h。测试内容包括下蹲跳(Countermovement Jump,CMJ)、静蹲跳(Squat Jump,SJ)的运动力学参数。结果:(1)与CON组相比,血流限制伴低强度杠铃深蹲干预后CMJ高度、峰值力及标准化后RFD均显著高于CON组(P<0.05);(2)传统深蹲和血流限制伴低强度杠铃深蹲干预后SJ的RFD显著高于CON组(P<0.01),SJ跳跃高度则无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:(1)30%RM@BS+BFR具有与90%1RM@BS诱导干预相类似的激活后增强效应;(2)30%RM@BS+BFR练习干预后在提高纵跳高度、标准化后力的加载率方面优于90%1RM@BS练习干预;同时因其负荷强度低且运动损伤风险低,血流限制训练伴低强度杠铃深蹲练习为训练前和比赛前急性提升爆发力提供了可行的选择。Objective:To investigate the effects of blood flow restriction(BFR)combined with low-intensity barbell squat exercises and traditional high-intensity barbell squat exercises on the vertical jumping ability of college students,and to analyze the acute effects of jumping performance after different load intensities and different stimulation modes from the perspective of exercise mechanical parameters.Methods:According to the randomized cross-control experimental design,12 male college athletes completed 90%1RM barbell squat(90%1RM back squat,90%1RM@BS),30%1RM barbell squat with blood flow restriction(30%1RM@BS+BFR),and no intervention blank control(Control,CON)in random order,and the washout period of each experiment was 72 hours.The test content includes the motion mechanics parameters of Countermovement Jump(CMJ)and Squat Jump(SJ).Results:(I)Compared with the CON group,CMJ height,peak force and standardized RFD after blood flow restriction and low-intensity barbell squat intervention were higher than those in the CON group(P<0.05).(2)The RFD of SJ was higher than that of CON group afer traditional squat and blood flow restriction with low-intensity barbell squat(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in SJ jump height(P>0.05).Conclusions:(1)30%RM@BS+BFR has a post-activation enhancement effect similar to that of 90%1RM@BS-induced intervention;(2)30%RM@BS+BFR exercise intervention was better than 90%1RM@BS exercise intervention in terms of improving the height of vertical jump and the loading rate of force after standardization.At the same time,due to its low load intensity and low risk of sports injury,blood flow restriction training with low-intensity barbell squat exercises provides a viable option for acute improvement of athletes'explosive power before training and competition.

关 键 词：血流限制训练 爆发力 激活后增强效应 跳跃 纵跳 深蹲 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]