多目标追踪的情景交互测验:来自多模态效标的证据  

Situational Interaction Test for Multiple Object Tracking:Evidences from Multimodality Criterion

作　　者：解旭东 姚丹旭 姬鸣[1,2] Xie Xudong;Yao Danxu;Ji Ming(School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710062;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience,Xi'an,710062;Flight Safety Research Institution,Aviation University of the Air Force,Changchun,130022)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062 [2]陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室,西安710062 [3]空军航空大学飞行研究所,长春130022

出　　处：《心理科学》2025年第2期306-317,共12页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：陕西师范大学研究生领航人才培养项目(LHRCTS23104,LHRCTS23108)的资助。

摘　　要：良好的动态视觉注意能力是保障飞行安全的关键。受限于生态效度不足及缺乏交互性操作,传统多目标追踪范式难以准确评估真实情境中的视觉注意能力。研究开发了MOT情景交互测验,招募民航飞行员和普通大学生被试,通过行为和近红外指标验证其信效度,并比较了两组被试在情景测验上的差异。结果发现,情景测验内部一致性与区分度良好;情景测验得分与传统多目标追踪范式任务、连线测验、注意力转移测验得分相关性显著;飞行员在情景测验得分上显著高于大学生,且内侧额上回产生显著负激活。结果表明MOT情景交互测验具有良好的信效度,可作为评估动态视觉注意的有效工具。Dynamic visual attention is a crucial cognitive skill that involves focusing on multiple moving objects in an ever-changing environment.In occupations such as Air Traffic Control(ATC),pilots,and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle pilots,operators are required to perform numerous search tasks with high speed and accuracy,requiring strong dynamic tracking abilities.In fact,the effectiveness of task performance and hazard detection in specialized occupations,including aviation,relies heavily on dynamic visual attention capabilities.Therefore,enhancing methods for selecting and assessing dynamic visual attention is a critical issue in psychological research and a vital aspect of safety management.Multiple object tracking(MOT),which refers to the simultaneous tracking of multiple targets in a dynamic environment while minimizing interference,is a widely used paradigm in dynamic visual attention research.However,previous MOT tasks have predominantly been developed for laboratory settings,often consisting of meaningless elements lacking interactivity.These tasks often focus on minimizing inter-individual differences and systematically controlling for condition variables.Consequently,conducting assessments of individual differences using traditional MOT tasks,which may not accurately reflect real-world visual attention abilities,becomes challenging.Mainstream research has highlighted the importance of cognitive tests that assess situational interaction,emphasizing the need to develop ecologically valid multi-object tracking tests.In this study,we developed an MOT situational interaction test.The test was conducted with a grassy field as a background,viewed from an oblique top-down angle,where participants were tasked with tracking butterflies within a designated space,incorporating interactive manipulations during the process.The test comprised three distinct phases.In the cue phase,the target butterfly was identified by its wing flapping.During the tracking phase,all butterflies flapped their wings simultaneously and began flying.

关 键 词：多目标追踪 动态注意 情景交互测验 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]