少数民族大学生心理素质现状与特点  

Characteristics of Minority College Students’Psychological Suzhi

作　　者：张大均 朱政光 刘广增 Zhang Dajun;Zhu Zhengguang;Liu Guangzeng(Faculty of Psychology,Research Center of Mental Health Education,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715;School of Education and Psychology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610225)

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部/心理健康教育研究中心,重庆400715 [2]西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院,成都610225

出　　处：《心理科学》2025年第2期472-484,共13页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目(10JHQ003)的资助。

摘　　要：采用问卷调查形式,探究我国少数民族大学生心理素质现状与特点。通过整群随机抽样,使用大学生心理素质问卷(简化版)(College Student Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire-Simplified Version,CSPS-SV)对1249名汉族学生和756名少数民族学生进行调查,结果显示CSPS-SV在汉族和少数民族大学生群体间具有测量等值性。通过分层整群抽样,对来自48个少数民族的6689名大学生进行调查。结果表明,少数民族大学生的心理素质整体表现良好,但认知品质和适应能力仍需加强。不同性别、年级和家庭居住地的少数民族大学生心理素质得分差异显著。基于此,编制了少数民族大学生心理素质全国常模。Good psychological suzhi is key to maintaining and developing students'mental health.Strengthening research on the psychological qualities of minority college students has great theoretical and practical significance.In Study 1,the measurement invariance of the College Student Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire-Simplified Version(CSPS-SV)was tested on Han and minority college students to confirm whether the questionnaire is suitable for assessing the psychological suzhi of Chinese minority college students.In Study 2,the CSPS-SV was used to conduct a nationwide online survey on a large sample to obtain real and reliable data,with the aim of revealing the current characteristics of the psychological suzhi of ethnic minority college students and establishing the psychological suzhi norms of Chinese ethnic minority college students based on the large sample data.In Study 1,a cluster random sampling method was used to select 9 schools in Liaoning,Shaanxi,Xinjiang,Yunnan,Guizhou,and Guangxi for questionnaire survey.A total of 2005 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 81.40%.Among them,1,249 are Han students and 756 are ethnic minority students.The psychological suzhi of college students was investigated by using the CSPS-SV.The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions,including cognitive quality,personality quality,and adaptive ability,and adopted five-point Likert scoring without reverse scoring questions.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was carried out on the responses to each item of the CSPS-SV.The results showed that the skewness value and kurtosis value of each item were significant.Therefore,the robust maximum likelihood estimation method,which is suitable for estimating data with non-normal distributions,is selected for data analysis in this study.The results of the single-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the CSPS-SV was better for both Han and minority college students.The measurement invariance test shows that the questionnaire has no significant dif

关 键 词：少数民族大学生 心理素质 测量等值 现状特点 常模 

分 类 号：G444[哲学宗教—心理学]