后生元的生物功能及其应用研究进展  

Research progress on the biological functions and applications of postbiotics

作　　者：陆寒池 于文皓 于洋[2] 洪维鍊 蓝航莲 祁艳霞 靳艳[2] LU Han-Chi;YU Wen-Hao;YU Yang;HONG Wei-Lian;LAN Hang-Lian;QI Yan-Xia;JIN Yan(College of Food Science and Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Institute of Chemistry and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy,Hohhot 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,大连116023 [2]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,大连116023 [3]国家乳业技术创新中心,呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《食品安全质量检测学报》2025年第9期1-11,共11页Journal of Food Safety and Quality

基　　金：国家乳业技术创新中心项目(2022-科研公关-6)。

摘　　要：后生元是指对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物细胞(灭活后菌体)、细胞裂解物以及发酵代谢产物制成的微生态制剂,因其具有改善肠道健康、抗菌、抗癌、增强免疫力等多种生物功能在食品、药品领域备受关注。后生元的制备方式主要包括发酵、灭活、菌体破碎等几个环节,其中发酵菌种的选择以及不同的灭活方式都会对后生元的活性产生影响。后生元中的活性物质主要包括磷壁酸、蛋白、肽类、短链脂肪酸、胞外多糖、有机酸等。本文结合国内外后生元的研究进展,对其定义、制备方式、主要成分及活性功能进行了概述,重点阐释了后生元在维护肠道健康、增强免疫功能、维护口腔健康等方面的最新研究成果,并综述了后生元在药物、食品、食品防腐等相关领域的应用进展。同时从生产、产品标准化以及监管与评价体系等方面分析了后生元在健康产业应用中的挑战,为后生元相关功能产品的开发以及在人类健康领域中的研究与应用创新提供参考。Postbiotics refer to microecological preparations made from inactivated microbial cells(dead bacterial bodies),cell lysates and fermentation metabolites,which are beneficial to the health of the host.They have attracted much attention in the fields of food and medicine due to their various biological functions such as improving intestinal health,antibacterial,anticancer and immune enhancement.The preparation of postbiotics mainly includes several steps such as fermentation,inactivation and bacterial cell disruption.The choice of fermentation strains and different inactivation methods can affect the activity of postbiotics.The active substances in postbiotics mainly include teichoic acid,proteins,peptides,short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,organic acids,etc.This paper summarized the definition,preparation methods,main components and active functions of postbiotics in combination with the research progress at home and abroad.It focused on elucidating the latest research results of postbiotics in maintaining intestinal health,enhancing immune function,and maintaining oral health,and reviewed the application progress of postbiotics in the fields of drugs,food and food preservation.At the same time,it analyzed the challenges of postbiotics in the application of the health industry from aspects such as production,product standardization,and regulatory and evaluation systems.This review aims to provide references for the development of postbiotics-related functional products and for innovation in research and application in the field of human health.

关 键 词：后生元 生物功能 制备方法 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]