王弼的体用论及其无为思想  

On Wang Bi’s Theory of Essence-Function (ti-yong) and His Thought of Non Action

作　　者：陈徽[1] Chen Hui

机构地区：[1]同济大学哲学系,上海200092

出　　处：《中州学刊》2025年第4期113-122,共10页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：2024年同济大学经学院敦和经学学者资助项目。

摘　　要：在王弼的思想体系中,体用论处于基础性地位,是我们准确把握他的诸如道物(现象)关系、无为和心性功夫等思想的基本依据。就治道来说,王弼既推崇道家的无为之治,又试图融摄儒家的有为之术,故其所谓“无为”便具有两种义涵:一谓治者纯粹效法道体,“以无为心”“以无为用”,摒弃一切有为之举,是曰“崇本息末”;二谓治者基于“有生于无”之理,以道家的无为吸纳、统摄儒家的有为之术,是曰“崇本举末”(或“守母存子”)。与上述无为思想相应,王弼还提出了“舍己”的功夫论:它以“无欲”为核心,以复归心体虚无的本来状态为指向。至于“性其情”,它原非指一种独立的涵养功夫,本意是强调性与其所发之情的一体相洽性。The theory of Essence-Function(ti-yong)served as a foundational framework for comprehending Wang Bi’s philosophy,particularly the relationship between the Dao(essence)and things(phenomena),as well as the notions of non-action(wuwei)and the cultivation of mind and nature.In the realm of political philosophy,Wang Bi,while adhering to the Daoist non-action principle as a foundational premise,integrated Confucian thought of governing the country through benevolence,righteousness,propriety and music.Therefore,Wang Bi’s so-called“non action”had two meanings:one referred to the pure emulation of the Tao by the ruler,maintaining a“mind of nothingness”and“functioning through nothingness”,abandoning all active actions,which was called“chong ben xi mo”;The second referred to the use of the principle of“existence arising from nothingness”by the rulers,who adopted the Taoist method of non-action(wuwei)to absorb and unify the Confucian methods of action(you wei),known as“revering the fundamental and preserving the incidental”(chong ben jumo),also described as“holding fast to the mother and preserving the child”(shou mu cunzi).Corresponding to non-action,Wang Bi articulated a theory of personal cultivation centered on“discarding the self”(she ji).This cultivation emphasized“desirelessness”(wuyu)as its core,aiming to return to the original state of emptiness and tranquility inherent in the mind(xin).Regarding the concept of“human nature functioning as emotions”(xing qi qing),Wang Bi employed it to underscore the inherent harmony between human nature(xing)and the emotions(qing)it generated,rather than treat it as an independent method of cultivation.

关 键 词：王弼 体用论 无为 舍己功夫 性其情 

分 类 号：B235.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]