不同采收期‘威海金’苹果品质及耐贮性研究  

Study on the Quality and Storability of‘Harlikar’Apples Harvested at Different Times

作　　者：魏雯雯[1] 贾连文[1] 任紫烟 连欢 杨相政[1] 姚延琴[2] 张黎军 WEI Wenwen;JIA Lianwen;REN Ziyan;LIAN Huan;YANG Xiangzheng;YAO Yanqin;ZHANG Lijun(Jinan Fruit Research Institute,All China Federation of Supply&Marketing Co-operative,Jinan 250022,China;Yan’an Vocational and Technical College,Yan’an 716000,China;Shandong Tianyoutian Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Weihai 264300,China)

机构地区：[1]中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究所,山东济南250022 [2]延安职业技术学院,陕西延安716000 [3]山东田又田生态农业有限公司,山东威海264300

出　　处：《中国果菜》2025年第4期1-6,40,共7页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目-苹果优新品种全产业链品质提升技术集成与示范(2023TSGC0635);延安重点研发计划:11条产业链项目-延安苹果采后精准储运保鲜技术研究与示范(2023SLZDCY-107)。

摘　　要：本研究以不同采收期‘威海金’苹果为研究对象,通过测定其淀粉指数、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率等指标,同时利用GC-MS分析挥发性香气成分的变化,以确定不同贮运时间的‘威海金’苹果采收标准。结果表明,采收期I(盛花后165 d)的‘威海金’苹果硬度高达7.50 kg/cm^(2),但可溶性固形物和挥发性香气含量较低,对低温敏感,-0.5℃贮藏120 d开始出现冻害现象;采收期Ⅲ(盛花后195 d)果实可溶性固形物含量15.0%,风味、香气浓郁,但硬度下降至6.8 kg/cm^(2),贮藏至120 d,硬度下降至5.6 kg/cm^(2),开始出现果肉变绵,组织衰老、褐变现象,此阶段采收的果实适宜鲜销或短期贮藏;采收期II(盛花后180 d)的果实硬度7.40 kg/cm^(2),可溶性固形物含量15.40%,可滴定酸含量0.18%,淀粉染色指数7.82,此阶段采收的果实适合中长期贮藏,贮藏时间180~240 d。In order to determine the harvesting standard of‘Harlikar’apples with different storage and transportation life,the starch index,firmness,soluble solids,respiration rate,ethylene release rate,volatile aroma components and other indexes of‘Harlikar’apples harvested at different harvest dates were measured in this study.At the same time,GC-MS was used to analyze the changes in volatile aroma components.The results showed that the firmness of apples harvested in the stage I(165 days after blooming)was as high as 7.50 kg/cm^(2),but the content of soluble solids and volatile aroma was low,and it was sensitive to low temperature,freezing injury began to appear after storaged at -0.5℃ for 120 days.‘Harlikar’apples harvested in the stage Ⅲ(195 days after blooming)had high soluble solids content(15.0%)and flavor,but the firmness decreased to 6.8 kg/cm^(2).After stored for 120 days,the firmness decreased to 5.6 kg/cm^(2) and the flesh began to mealiness and browning.‘Harlikar’apples harvested in the stageⅢwas suitable for fresh sale or short-term storage.‘Harlikar’apples harvested in the stageⅡ(180 days after blooming)were suitable for long-term storage,the firmness was 7.40 kg/cm^(2),soluble solids content was 15.40%,titratable acids was 0.18%,starch index was 7.83,and storage life was about 180-240 d.

关 键 词：‘威海金’苹果 贮藏时间 采收期 品质 标准 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]