辣椒素对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠脂代谢和肠道菌群的影响及其机理研究  

Effects of Capsaicin on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Changes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats and its Mechanism

作　　者：梁普霖 杨扬 吕慕雯 LIANG Pulin;YANG Yang;LU Muwen(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods,College of Food Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学食品学院广东省功能食品活性物重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东轻工职业技术大学学报》2025年第2期12-21,共10页Journal of Guangdong Industry Polytechnic university

基　　金：广东省“珠江人才计划”引进创新创业团队(2019ZT08N291);广东省自然科学基金-面上项目(2021A1515012124);国家自然科学基金(31901689)。

摘　　要：辣椒素(Capsaicin,CAP)是红辣椒中产生辣味的重要天然活性物质,因其具有广泛的生物活性而备受关注。采用高脂饮食(High fat diet,HFD)诱导的肥胖大鼠模型,探究了辣椒素对脂代谢功能障碍的改善作用及其潜在机制。结果表明,CAP减轻了HFD诱导的体重、肝脏重量和附睾脂肪重量增加,显著降低血清中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,显著提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。组织学分析显示,CAP处理显著减少了肝脏脂肪变性和附睾脂肪细胞的脂滴积聚。Western blot分析表明,CAP通过激活PPARγ/β3-AR信号通路促进腹股沟白色脂肪组织的棕色化,增加能量消耗;此外,CAP通过AMPK/SREBP1c信号通路抑制肝脏中的脂肪生成,并促进脂肪酸β-氧化。肠道菌群分析显示,CAP处理有助于维持高脂饮食条件下肠道菌群相对丰度的节律性振荡表现。综上所述,辣椒素通过调节脂肪代谢和肠道菌群,显著改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠脂代谢功能障碍。Capsaicin(CAP),a natural active compound responsible for the pungent flavor in red peppers,has garnered considerable attention due to its wide range of biological activities.In this study,an obese rat model induced by a high-fat diet(HFD)was used to investigate the modulating effect of CAP on lipid metabolism dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms.The results demonstrated that CAP significantly reduced the HFDinduced increases in body weight,liver weight,and epididymal fat weight.Additionally,CAP notably decreased the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in the serum,while significantly increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Histological analysis revealed that CAP treatment considerably diminished hepatic steatosis and the accumulation of lipid droplets in epididymal adipocytes.Western blot analysis indicated that CAP promotes the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue and increases energy expenditure by activating the PPARγ/β3-AR signaling pathway.Moreover,CAP inhibits lipid synthesis in the liver and promotes fatty acid β-oxidation through the AMPK/SREBP1c signaling pathway.Gut microbiota analysis showed that CAP treatment helps maintain the rhythmic fluctuations in the relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms under high-fat diet conditions.In conclusion,capsaicin significantly improves lipid metabolism dysfunction in HFD-induced rats by modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota.

关 键 词：辣椒素 肥胖大鼠 脂质代谢 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]