不同牧场鲜驴乳成分检测与分析  

Detection and Analysis of Fresh Donkey Milk Components in Different Pastures

作　　者：曹志军[1] 焦昱玮 刘敏[1] 王美莲 CAO Zhijun;JIAO Yuwei;LIU Min;WANG Meilian(Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou 014109,Inner Mongolia,China;Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014109 [2]宁夏大学,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2025年第8期191-197,共7页Food Research and Development

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0368)。

摘　　要：为了解乌兰察布地区规模化养驴场鲜驴乳营养参数和整体差异,从3个牧场分别采集10份鲜驴乳样品,检测常规成分、矿物质、维生素、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,对常规成分与氨基酸和脂肪酸进行统计比较和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)。结果表明,牧场A鲜驴乳中的蛋白质和脂肪含量最高,牧场B鲜驴乳中乳糖和灰分含量较高,与其他两牧场差异显著(P<0.05);并且牧场A鲜驴乳蛋白中β-酪蛋白和α-乳清蛋白含量最高,5种常量元素中钙和钾含量最高,维生素C含量较高。PCA结果显示:各牧场样品间成分差异明显;水分、蛋白质和脂肪与Gly及十一碳酸(C11:0)、十五碳酸(C15:0)、十七碳酸(C17:0)、二十二碳烯酸[C20:0(n-6)]相关,灰分、乳糖与氨基酸(Asp、Glu、Val、Met、Ile、Leu、Tyr、Phe和Lys)及低级脂肪酸[C6:0、C10:0、C12:0、C14:0(n-5)、C16:0、C18:0(n-6)、C18:0(n-9)、C20:0(n-9)和牛磺酸]相关。牧场B中鲜驴乳呈味化合种类较多,风味最佳。To understand the nutritional parameters and overall differences of fresh donkey milk in large⁃scale donkey farms in Ulanqab,this paper collected ten fresh donkey milk samples from three pastures,and tested the content of major components,minerals,vitamins,amino acids,and fatty acids.Meanwhile,statistical com⁃parisons and principal component analysis(PCA)were conducted on conventional components,amino acids,and fatty acids.The results show that the protein and fat content in fresh donkey milk from Farm A is the high⁃est,while the lactose and ash content in fresh donkey milk from Farm B is higher,with significant differences compared to the other two farms(P<0.05).Additionally,β⁃casein andα⁃lactalbumin content in the fresh don⁃key milk protein from Farm A is the highest,with the highest calcium and potassium content and higher vita⁃min C content among the five major elements.PCA analysis showed that there were significant differences in the composition of samples from different pastures.Moisture,protein,and fat correlated with Gly,undecanoic acid(C11:0),pentadecanoic acid(C15:0),heptadecanoic acid(C17:0),and docosaenoic acid[C20:0(n⁃6)].Meanwhile,the ash content and lactose correlated with amino acids(Asp,Glu,Val,Met,Ile,Leu,Tyr,Phe and Lys)and low fatty acids[C6:0,C10:0,C12:0,C14:0(n⁃5),C16:0,C18:0(n⁃6),C18:0(n⁃9),C20:0(n⁃9),and taurine].Therefore,the fresh donkey milk from Farm B has a variety of flavor compounds and the best flavor.

关 键 词：鲜驴乳 营养成分 氨基酸 矿物质 脂肪酸 主成分分析 

分 类 号：TS252.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]