基于需求紧迫度的洪涝灾害应急物资配送路径研究  

Research on distribution path of flood disaster emergency materials based on demand urgency

作　　者：杨文光 许冰冰 YANG Wenguang;XU Bingbing(College of Science,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Yanjiao 065201,China;Key Laboratory of Emergency Warehouse Logistics and Relief Supplies Guarantee,Ministry of Emergency Management,Yanjiao 065201,China)

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院理学院,北京东燕郊065201 [2]应急仓储物流与救灾物资保障应急管理部重点实验室,北京东燕郊065201

出　　处：《华北科技学院学报》2025年第2期70-77,106,共9页Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(246Z4701G);河北省统计科学研究计划项目(2024HL13);河北省高等学校科学研究重点项目(ZD2022165)。

摘　　要：在遭遇洪涝灾害的情形下,对应急物资配送实施科学且合理的规划,能够显著提升救援行动的效率,有效控制灾害损失的扩大。本文旨在探讨洪涝灾害情境下,基于需求紧迫度因素的应急物资配送路径优化问题。首先,提出以环境、人口、防治为准则的受灾点需求紧迫度评价指标体系,利用主客观组合赋权方法确定权重后采用TOPSIS方法确定受灾点的需求紧迫度;其次,本文将需求紧迫度纳入应急物流路径优化模型,旨在优先满足受灾点需求的同时,构建行驶成本与惩罚成本最小化的双目标模型,并使用改进的遗传-粒子群混合算法求解。最后,以廊坊市的10个行政区域为实例,将改进算法与原始算法的求解结果作对比。结果显示:改进算法在求解精度方面表现出色,同时收敛速度也显著提升,能迅速找到最优解,提升了应急物流效率,有助于灾后应急管理部门高效救援。In the case of floods,the implementation of scientific and reasonable planning for the distribution of emergency supplies can significantly improve the efficiency of rescue operations and effectively control the expansion of disaster losses.The purpose of this paper is to explore the optimization of emergency material distribution path based on the demand urgency factor in the context of flood disaster.Firstly,an evaluation index system for demand urgency at disaster sites is proposed,guided by criteria of environment,population,and prevention measures.Weights are determined using a combination of subjective and objective methods,followed by the TOPSIS method to ascertain the urgency levels.Secondly,this paper integrates demand urgency into the emergency logistics route optimization model,aiming to prioritize disaster site needs while constructing a bi-objective model that minimizes both transportation and penalty costs.An improved genetic-particle swarm optimiztion hybrid algorithm is employed for solution.Lastly,taking 10 administrative areas in Langfang City as examples,a comparison is made between the solution results obtained from the improved algorithm and the original algorithm.The results indicate that the improved algorithm exhibits excellent performance in terms of solution accuracy,while also significantly enhancing convergence speed.It can rapidly identify the optimal solution,thereby improving the efficiency of emergency logistics and aiding efficient rescue operations by post-disaster emergency management departments.

关 键 词：洪涝灾害 需求紧迫度 TOPSIS 遗传-粒子群混合算法 路径规划 

分 类 号：U116[交通运输工程] X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]