退有所循:美、英、日义务教育阶段教师退出机制研究  

Retreating by Rules:Exploring the Commonalities of Teacher Exit Mechanisms in Compulsory Education Stage in Japan,USA,and UK

作　　者：陈殿兵[1] 缪怡郡 杨新晓[1] CHEN Dianbing;MIAO Yijun;YANG Xinxiao(Institute of High Quality Education Development,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;College of Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学高质量教育发展研究院,浙江金华321004 [2]浙江师范大学教育学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2025年第3期14-26,共13页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2024年教育部人文社科规划基金项目“经合组织教师教育政策全球在地化机理研究”(项目编号:24YJA880003)。

摘　　要：加强教师管理,完善教师退出机制对于激发教师积极性、创造性,提升教师专业能力、师德师风,健全教师管理制度有着重要作用。围绕“如何构建科学合理的教师退出机制”这一问题,美国、英国、日本进行了有益而深刻的改革尝试,出台了教师退出机制的政策法规。三国教师退出机制在建构理念、价值取向、维度指标、实现路径上存在共性。教师退出机制相关的举措主要包括:将法治理念作为教师退出机制的主基调、将指标体系融入教师退出机制的全领域、把权益保障纳入教师退出机制的全过程、让人本多元成为教师退出机制的主旋律。虽然三国教师退出机制建构过程中遭遇的问题和挑战表明相应的计划和实施还有待完善,但是其思路和方法值得思考和借鉴。Strengthening teacher management and improving teacher exit mechanism play an important role in stimulating teachers'enthusiasm and creativity,enhancing their professional abilities and ethics,and improving the teacher management system.The United States,the United Kingdom,and Japan have made beneficial and profound reform attempts around the issue of"how to construct a scientific and reasonable teacher exit mechanism",and have introduced policies and regulations on teacher exit mechanisms.There are commonalities in construction philosophy,value orientation,dimensional indicators,and implementation path of the teacher withdrawal mechanism in the three countries.To this end,measures related to teacher exit mechanism mainly include:making the concept of rule of law the main theme of the teacher exit mechanism,integrating the indicator system into the entire field of the teacher exit mechanism,incorporating rights protection into the entire process of the teacher exit mechanism,and making diversity of people the main theme of the teacher exit mechanism.Although the problems and challenges encountered in the construction process of the teacher withdrawal mechanism in the related countries,which indicates the corresponding plan and implementation still need to be improved,its ideas and methods are worth considering and learning from.

关 键 词：教师退出机制 义务教育 专业发展 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]