芬兰学龄前儿童教育和保育的社会支持系统研究  

A Study on the Social Support System for Education and Care of Preschool Children in Finland

作　　者：孙雪荧 刘晓慧 SUN Xueying;LIU Xiaohui(School of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2025年第3期73-89,共17页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“高质量教育体系建设的国际比较与中国的战略选择研究”(项目编号:22JJD880006)。

摘　　要：芬兰学龄前儿童教育和保育分为0~5岁早期儿童教育和保育、6~7岁学前教育两个阶段,包含类型多样的实施形式。在发展过程中,芬兰学龄前儿童教育和保育体系逐渐呈现出诸多问题与挑战。为此,中央政府、市政当局、企业及第三部门等多方力量协同合作,构建了全面且动态的社会支持系统,致力于为学龄前儿童教育和保育机构以及他们的家庭提供多元支持,具体包括立法与政策支持、资金支持、组织及人力支持、咨询和指导支持。从静态视角看,该系统是一个多元主体协同、权责分明的多样性网络;从动态视角看,该系统又是一个政府驱动、以社区为轴心,持续外展的动态发展网络。借鉴芬兰的经验,我国在优化学前教育社会支持系统的进程中,应强化多元协同,确保支持服务的整体性和问题解决能力。同时重视对家庭的援助与指导,筑牢儿童成长的第一道防线。The education and care of preschool children in Finland are divided into two stages:early childhood education and care for children aged 0~5,and pre-school education for children aged 6~7,encompassing various implementation forms.In the course of development,the education and care system for preschool children in Finland has gradually presented numerous issues and challenges.To address this,the central government,municipal authorities,enterprises,and the third sector have collaborated to establish a comprehensive and dynamic social support system,dedicated to providing diverse support to preschool education and care institutions as well as their families.This includes legislative and policy support,financial support,organizational and human resource support,and consulting and guidance support.From a static perspective,this system is a diverse network with collaborative multi-stakeholders and clear responsibilities;from a dynamic perspective,it is a government-driven,community-centric,and continuously outreaching dynamic development network.Drawing on Finland's experience,in the process of optimizing the social support system for preschool education in China,we should strengthen multi-element collaboration to ensure the integrity and problem-solving ability of support services.At the same time,we should attach importance to family assistance and guidance to build a solid first line of defense for children's growth.

关 键 词：芬兰 学龄前儿童 教育和保育 社会支持系统 

分 类 号：G61[文化科学—学前教育学] G531[文化科学—教育学]