同伴领导支持教与学:美国高校本科生助教项目的实践与经验  

Peer Leaders Support Teaching and Learning:Practices and Experiences of Undergraduate Teaching Assistantship Programs

作　　者：段丹阳 孟艳[1] 祁晓[2] DUAN Danyang;MENG Yan;QI Xiao(Faculty of Education,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;Faculty of Education,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学教育学部,河南开封475004 [2]河南师范大学教育学部,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2025年第3期111-128,共18页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金“十三五”教育学一般课题“世界一流理工科大学人文社会学科发展模式研究”(项目编号:BIA190181)。

摘　　要：本科生参与教与学有助于推进教学模式与学习方式的双重变革,实现“以学生为中心”的范式转变,现已经成为美国高校本科教学的重要组成部分。本科生助教具有双重身份,既是教学合作伙伴也是学习合作伙伴。根据角色定位和服务对象的侧重可将项目模式分为以服务学生为重点的辅助学习模式和以服务教师为重点的辅助教学模式,不同模式下本科生助教参与教与学的形式、特征及其理论基础存在一定的差异。美国高校本科生助教项目已经形成了包括选拔、培训、考核以及评估在内的完善的制度体系。本科生助教项目能够为教师提供持续的动态反馈及建议,促进学生的主动学习与合作学习,丰富助教的教学理论和实践经验。我国高校应该重视同伴支持的重要作用,促进本科教育由教学范式向学习范式转变;立足于本科教育的改革需求,充分挖掘同伴资源;激发三方群体的内在动力,创建积极的互动关系;抓好教学改革的统筹规划,构建有效的运行保障机制,为我国本科教育教学质量的提升提供智力支撑和人才保障。Undergraduate student participation in teaching and learning helps to promote dual reforms in teaching mode and learning mode,realizing the"student-centered"paradigm shift,which has now become an important part of undergraduate teaching in American universities and colleges.Undergraduate teaching assistants have a dual role as both teaching and learning partners.According to the role orientation and the focus of the service object,the project mode can be divided into the auxiliary learning mode that focuses on serving students and the auxiliary teaching mode that focuses on serving teachers.There are some differences in the forms,characteristics and theoretical basis of undergraduate teaching assistants'participation in teaching and learning under different modes.Undergraduate teaching assistant programs in American colleges and universities have formed a complete system including selection,training,assessment and evaluation.Undergraduate teaching assistant programs can provide teachers with continuous dynamic feedback and suggestions,promote students'active learning and cooperative learning,and enrich the teaching theory and practical experience of teaching assistants.Chinese universities and colleges should pay attention to the important role of peer support,promote undergraduate education from the teaching paradigm to the learning paradigm;based on the reform needs of undergraduate education,fully explore the peer resources;stimulate the intrinsic motivation of the tripartite group,create a benign and positive interactive relationship;grasp the overall planning of the teaching reform,and build an effective operation and guarantee mechanism,providing intellectual support and talent guarantee for the enhancement of the quality of China's undergraduate education and teaching.

关 键 词：美国 高校 同伴领导 本科生助教 本科生参与教与学 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学] G712[文化科学—教育学]