数量和顺序线索对SNARC效应的影响及其作用机制  

How magnitude and ordinal cues of stimuli influence the SNARC effect

作　　者：王强强 吴彦文 石文典 游旭群[4] WANG Qiangqiang;WU Yanwen;SHI Wendian;YOU Xuqun(School of Teacher Education,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China;School of Teacher Education,Tianshui Normal University,Tianshui 741001,China;School of Psychology,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200030,China;School of psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院教师教育学院,浙江湖州313000 [2]天水师范学院教师教育学院,甘肃天水741001 [3]上海师范大学心理学院,上海200030 [4]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710000

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第5期749-761,共13页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划“省市合作”课题(24SSHZ106YB)资助。

摘　　要：空间−数字反应编码联合(SNARC)效应普遍存在于各种形式的数字和数量刺激加工之中,但是刺激中包含的数量和顺序线索影响SNARC效应的机制尚不清楚。本研究通过设计字母数量启动任务,系统考察了数量和顺序线索对SNARC效应的影响及其作用机制。研究通过连续呈现不同数量的字母启动字母的数量信息后,分别要求被试执行字母顺序分类任务(实验1),字母数量奇偶分类任务(实验2)和字母颜色分类任务(实验3)。结果发现:(1)在字母顺序分类任务中同时出现数量SNARC效应和顺序SNARC效应,但二者交互作用不显著。(2)在字母数量奇偶分类任务中,数量SNARC效应和顺序SNARC交互效应显著,具体表现为在字母顺序−空间一致条件下才出现数量SNARC效应,在数量−空间一致条件下才出现顺序SNARC效应。(3)在字母颜色分类任务中,只出现顺序SNARC效应,未出现数量SNARC效应,且两者交互作用不显著。结果表明:(1)SNARC效应既可以由刺激的数量线索引起,也可以由刺激的顺序线索引起。(2)数量和顺序线索对SNARC效应的影响机制不同,且具有任务情景依赖性。结果支持并修正了数量顺序双重作用理论。Dehaene et al.(1993)found that participants typically associated small numbers with pressing the left key and large numbers with pressing the right key when they classified the given numbers by pressing the left or right key as correctly and quickly as possible.They defined this phenomenon as the spatial-numerical association of the response code(SNARC)effect.After Dehaene and his collaborators captured the SNARC effect in Arabic numerals processing,subsequent studies further confirmed the existence of the SNARC effect in other types of symbolic numbers and non-symbolic numbers and the stimuli with magnitude information.On the cause of the SNARC effect,various theories provide explanations.For example,the ATOM(a theory of magnitude)model suggests that in the human brain,there is a generalized magnitude system where various symbolic and non-symbolic numbers and stimuli with magnitude information are processed to result in the SNARC effect.Ordinality theory holds that the processing of ordinality information from stimuli including numbers leads to the SNARC effect.Magnitude-ordinality double action theory states that both the magnitude and ordinality of stimuli contribute to the SNARC effect.These theories have deepened our understanding of the mechanism of the SNARC effect,but contradictions exist among these theories on the following basic theoretical questions.First,is it the magnitude of the numbers or the ordinal cues of the numbers that causes the SNARC effect in the processing of numbers?Second,how do the magnitude and ordinal cues of the numbers influence the SNARC effect?A critical reason why the above two theoretical questions could not be solved is that the magnitude and ordinal cues of the experimental stimuli are not well separated in the previous studies.Therefore,this study used a new stimulus in which the magnitude and ordinal cues were both contained and could be well separated,aiming to systematically investigate the magnitude and ordinal cues of the numbers that led to the SNARC effect and how th

关 键 词：SNARC 效应 启动范式 数量−空间一致性 顺序−空间一致性 认知任务 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]