“贵耳贱目”:新文化史视域下中国近代教学变革  

The Competition between Writing and Listening:The Transformation of Modern Chinese Teaching in the Perspective of New Cultural History

作　　者：王康 WANG Kang(Institute of History,Sichuan Academy of Social Science,Chengdu 610071,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院历史研究所,成都610071

出　　处：《教育学报》2025年第2期121-132,共12页Journal of Educational Studies

摘　　要：中国近代教学变革,并非一个孤立的教育现象,而是坐落在更为广阔的社会文化史境之中。其中一个关键点在于“目学”与“耳学”地位的升降问题。在经塾、书院阶段,中国传统教学以“笔传之学”显其特色。随着近代西方教育思想的传入,“口传之学”的重要性越发凸显。对于此一中西教育的关键差别,当时国人径直以“贵耳贱目”称之。此一“耳目”转换,落实到教学实践中,主要表现为传统札记书写的日趋衰落,以及新式课堂讲授的骤然兴起。新旧教学方式更迭的背后反映出,相较西方教学思想中连绵不断的口头教学传统,中国传统教学以文字书写彰显其文化特性。The transformation of modern Chinese teaching is not an isolated educational phenomenon but is situated in a broader socio-cultural historical context.One of the key points is the competition between writing and listening.At the stage of Jing Shu(经塾)and academy,traditional Chinese education was characterized by the transmission of knowledge through writing.With the advent of modern Western education,the importance of teaching through oral methods has become increasingly prominent.At that time,a Chinese educator used a phrase which meant that the ears were more important than the eyes to describe this educational change.In classroom practice,teaching changes were manifested in decline of traditional journal writing and the sudden rise of the new style of lecturing.The change between the old and new teaching methods reflects the fact that traditional Chinese teaching is culturally specific in writing as opposed to the continuous oral tradition of Western teaching.

关 键 词：新文化史 教学变革 “目学”与“耳学” 札记书写 新式讲授 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]