“赞助希望”:精英主义何以嵌入县域学校的办学行为  

Sponsoring“the hopeful”:How Elitism Embedded in the Educational Practices of County-level Schools

作　　者：曹曙 张海蓉 柯政[1] CAO Shu;ZHANG Hairong;KE Zheng(Institute of Curriculum and Instruction,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学课程与教学研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第6期54-66,共13页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年教育学重大项目“深化新时代教育评价改革的实施路径研究”(VFA210002)的部分成果。

摘　　要：为应对“塌陷”困境,县域学校纷纷采取趋同的培养模式,即集中有限资源支持少数绩优生。以往相关研究无法完全回应“‘培优’行为何以在素质教育浪潮中稳固存续,并以惊人生命力主导县域中小学整体办学方向”的问题。基于持续五年的跟踪调查,研究发现“培优”行为“晃而不倒”主要有三重逻辑:一是秉持平等主义的“保质”举措代价极大而被视作无望;二是“培优”的确为危机四伏的县域学校带来了一些“盼头”;三是各利益相关者重构的认知图式使得精英主义仍有生长的“道义空间”。县域学校“培优”行为不能简单理解为精英主义对地方教育的侵蚀,它还是一种带有生存伦理的文化韧性,被理解为“赞助希望”,因此对“培优”的治理也应立足于“希望”的立场。To address the dilemma of“collapse”,county-level schools have adopted a convergent model of education,concentrating limited resources on supporting a few high-achieving students(Peiyou).Previous research has been unable to fully answer the question of why“Peiyou”has remained stable and vital amidst the wave of quality education,and why it continues to dominate the overall direction of county-level schooling.Based on a five-year longitudinal study,the research finds that the persistence of“Peiyou”is driven by threefold logics:first,the cost of maintaining“quality”through egalitarian measures is exceedingly high and thus perceived as hopeless;second,“Peiyou”indeed offers some hope for county-level schools facing numerous challenges;third,the cognitive frameworks reconstructed by various stakeholders create a“moral space”for the continued growth of“peiyou”.The behavior of“Peiyou”in county-level schools should not be simplistically understood as the erosion of local education by elitism;rather,it is a form of cultural resilience imbued with subsistence ethic,which can be conceptualized as sponsoring“the hopeful”.The governance of“Peiyou”should be approached from the standpoint of“hope”.

关 键 词：县域学校 培优 精英主义 希望 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]