“人心”与“道心”:王阳明心学的政治伦理意蕴  

“Human Consciousness”and“Cosmic Consciousness”:The Political-Ethical Implications of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of Mind

作　　者：薛丁辉 文吉昌 XUE Ding-Hui;WEN Ji-Chang(School of Marxism,Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214029;Research Center for Chinese Moral Communication,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023;Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies,Nanjing Municipal Party School of the CPC,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210046)

机构地区：[1]无锡科技职业学院马克思主义学院,江苏无锡214029 [2]南京大学中华道德传播研究中心,江苏南京210023 [3]中共南京市委党校哲学与文化教研部,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《汕头大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2024年第10期61-68,95,共9页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“儒家道德人格思想精华及其新时代育人价值研究”(20MLB007)。

摘　　要：王阳明创立的心学体系是明代儒学的主流,在“立德立功立言”上有着不朽的贡献和影响。他继承儒家经世致用的文化传统,深刻反思朱熹“事事物物皆有定理”的外求逐物倾向,认为“格物致知”的基本途径不是外求于物而穷天理,而是通过对内在良心之推致以达到天理,并形成了“致良知”“明明德”“知行合一”等哲学命题,饱含着丰富的政治伦理意蕴。他从体察个体的“吾心”拓展到集体的“家道”、个体的“人心”发展到群体的“人道”,这种内求的“格物”精神构筑了止于至善的政治伦理秩序。从修炼“人心”发展到物我一体后的“道心”,“知行合一”成为王阳明政治伦理实践的方法论,为新时代中国共产党人“不忘初心致良知”和推进中国式现代化提供了可资借鉴的思想文化资源。Wang Yangming’s establishment of the Neo-Confucian philosophy of mind constituted the mainstream of Ming Dynasty Confucianism,making immortal contributions and exerting profound influence in the realms of“cultivating virtue,achieving meritorious deeds,and establishing scholarly discourse”.Inheriting the Confucian cultural tradition of practical statecraft,he profoundly reconsidered Zhu Xi’s externalized approach of“seeking principles in all things”,positing that the fundamental path to“investigating things and extending knowledge”lies not in external pursuits but in extending the innate conscience to apprehend heavenly principles.This philosophical system gave rise to key propositions such as“extension of innate conscience”,“manifesting luminous virtue”,and“unity of knowledge and action”,all imbued with rich political-ethical implications.By expanding from individual“self-cultivation of mind”to collective“family governance”,and developing from personal“human consciousness”to communal“humanistic principles”,this inward-oriented“investigation of things”spirit constructed a political-ethical order oriented towards perfected goodness.The evolution from cultivating“human consciousness”to achieving“cosmic consciousness”through unity of all things established“unity of knowledge and action”as the methodological foundation for Wang Yangming’s political-ethical practice.This philosophical legacy provides valuable intellectual resources for contemporary Chinese Communists in maintaining their“original aspiration of extending innate conscience”and advancing Chinese-style modernization.

关 键 词：王阳明 人心 道心 知行合一 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B82-051