长江流域旱地多熟种植模式气候资源利用比较研究  

Comparative Study on Climate Resource Utilization of Multiple Crop Planting Patterns in the Drylands of the Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：李晶晶 梁冰 蒲甜 马淑梅[2] 余常兵[3] 王淑彬[4] 魏亚凤[5] 杨文钰[1] 王小春[1] LI Jingjing;LIANG Bing;PU Tian;MA Shumei;YU Changbing;WANG Shubin;WEI Yafeng;YANG Wenyu;WANG Xiaochun(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Southwest University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China;Crop Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430062,China;College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226541,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]湖南省作物研究所,长沙410125 [3]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,武汉430062 [4]江西农业大学农学院,南昌330045 [5]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226541

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2025年第2期406-417,共12页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过比较长江流域不同熟制、种植模式资源生产效率和产量,明确不同区域多熟种植模式增产增效效益。【方法】在长江上游(四川、湖北),长江中游(湖南、江西)和长江下游(江苏)分别设置不同的种植模式。【结果】各地区的三熟种植模式与两熟模式相比,自然资源利用效率和折谷产量均表现出显著优势。四川试验点的“小麦/春玉米/夏大豆”三熟模式在光能、温度和降水的生产效率上较“小麦-夏玉米”两熟模式分别提高12.7%、12.7%和11.7%,折谷产量提高7%~12.7%。湖北试验点的“马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆”三熟模式较“饲料油菜-夏玉米”两熟模式的光能、温度和降水的生产效率分别提高31.9%、34.5%和35.5%,折谷产量提高13.4%~32%,春玉米较夏玉米产量提高10.1%~57.5%。湖南试验点“油菜-夏玉米‖夏大豆”两熟三作模式较“油菜-夏玉米”两熟模式的光能、温度和降水的生产效率提高15.3%、15.3%和15.2%,折谷产量提高15.2%,春玉米较夏玉米产量提高31.1%。江西试验点“黑麦草-春玉米/夏大豆”三熟模式较“冬闲-春玉米‖春大豆”一熟两作的光能、温度和降水的生产效率分别高出20.4%、13.7%和11.9%,折谷产量提高17.6%~18.2%。江苏试验点“鲜食蚕豆/鲜食玉米-鲜食玉米”三熟模式的光能、温度和降水的生产效率较两熟的“两熟收干籽蚕豆-玉米”分别高出123.5%、122.2%和116.7%,较两熟“鲜食蚕豆-鲜食玉米”的光能、温度和降水的生产效率分别高出36%、35.5%和34.5%,折谷产量提高24.6%~121.4%,春玉米较夏玉米产量提高15.4%。将作物的折谷产量和自然资源利用效率进行灰色关联度分析可知,积温生产效率对产量的影响最大。【结论】长江流域各区域三熟种植模式均有较好的增产增效作用,尤以长江下游增效显著,种植春玉米较种植夏玉米的增产潜力大。【Objective】This study aims to evaluate the benefits of increased production and efficiency in different regions of the Yangtze River Basin by comparing resource productivity and output of various cultivation and planting modes.【Method】Different planting modes are established in the upper(Sichuan,Hubei),middle(Hunan,Jiangxi),and lower(Jiangsu)reaches of the Yangtze River.【Result】The three-season cropping system proved to be a landmark achievement in the Yangtze River Basin,outperforming the two-season system in terms of resource utilization and grain yield,In Sichuan,the three season cropping system of'Wheat/Spring Maize/Summer soybean'increased the production efficiency of light,temperature,and precipitation by 12.7%,12.7%and 11.7%,respectively,compared to the two season cropping system of'Wheat-Summer Maize'.This innovative approach resulted in a remarkable grain yield increase of 7%to 11.7%.In Hubei,the three-season cropping system of'Potato/Spring Maize/Summer Soybean'significantly enhanced the production efficiency of light,temperature,and precipitation by 31.9%,34.5%and 35.5%,respectively,compared to the two-season cropping system of'Forage rape/Summer Maize'.This led to a notable increase in grain yield ranging from 13.4%to 32%,with spring maize yields rising by 10.1%to 57.5%compared to summer maize.In Hunan,the two-season,three-crop rotation system of'Rape-Summer maize‖Summer soybean'boosted the production efficiency of light,temperature,and precipitation by 15.3%,15.3%and 15.2%,respectively,compared to the two-season cropping system of'Rape-Summer maize'.This resulted in a grain yield increase of 15.2%,and 31.1%improvement in spring maize yield over summer maize.In Jiangxi,the three-season cropping system of'Ryegrass-Spring maize/Summer soybean'increased the production efficiency of light,temperature,and precipitation by 20.4%,13.7%and 11.9%,respectively,compared to the one-season,two-crop rotation system of'Winter fallow-Spring maize‖Spring soybean',leading to a substantial grain yield in

关 键 词：长江流域 多熟种植模式 折谷产量 资源生产效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S548S5-33