我国学前教育政策演进的逻辑脉络研究——基于教育部核心政策文本的质性分析  

Research on the Logical Development of China’s Preschool Education Policy:A Qualitative Analysis Based on Core Policy Texts from the Ministry of Education

作　　者：李斌强 王雪滋 LI Bin-qiang;WANG Xue-zi(School of Education,Changzhou Institute of Technology,Changzhou 213032,China;Xinlei Preschool Education Group,Mining District,Yangquan City of Shanxi Province,Yangquan 045000,China)

机构地区：[1]常州工学院师范学院,江苏常州213032 [2]山西省阳泉市矿区新蕾幼儿教育集团,山西阳泉045000

出　　处：《陕西学前师范学院学报》2025年第4期9-18,共10页Journal of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

基　　金：中国高等教育学会高等教育科学研究规划重点课题(23JS0304);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(22YJC880056)。

摘　　要：自改革开放以来,我国学前教育事业历经了恢复重建的奠基期、社会化推进的探索期,以及普惠发展的新阶段。通过构建的“五维度十四要素”分析框架,系统梳理了我国学前教育政策的发展历程。从时间维度审视,学前教育政策经历了三次重大转向,深刻体现了以人民为中心的发展方略。从内容维度分析,各关键要素呈现动态变化、交互影响的态势:在发展目标上,始终聚焦儿童的全面发展与家园社协同育人机制,普惠性学前教育取得显著进展,提升教育质量成为当前的核心议题;在安全保障方面,虽对儿童身体安全给予了高度重视,但儿童心理健康的守护仍需加强;在体系建设上,教师队伍与学前教育体系的整体构建备受瞩目,师德师风建设的重要性日益凸显;在保障措施上,政府保障与制度保障的力度经历波动,质量保障体系的建设亦在探索中前行;在管理机制上,监管部署与督导评估交互强化,法治化进程逐步加快。基于此,为构建更加优质的学前教育政策体系,应坚定秉持学前教育的人民立场,着力强化学前教育资源的均衡分配与全面保障;不断深化政策间的协调与融合,全力提升普惠性托幼一体化的服务品质;积极响应学前教育法的颁布,制定地方配套法规,以助力实现“幼有优育”的宏伟目标。Since the reform and opening up,China’s preschool education sector has undergone three distinct stages:restoration and foundation-building,socialization and exploration,and inclusive development.Utilizing a refined framework of“five dimensions and fourteen elements”,this paper systematically analyzes the evolution of preschool education policy in China.From a longitudinal perspective,preschool education policy has undergone three significant shifts,reflecting a people-centered development approach.From a horizontal perspective,various elements have shown dynamic changes and mutual influences.Specifically,in terms of objectives,there has been a continuous focus on comprehensive development and collaborative education among homes,schools,and communities.Significant progress has been made in promoting inclusive preschool education,and improving education quality has become a central issue.In terms of safety,while considerable attention has been paid to children’s physical safety,more emphasis needs to be placed on their mental health.In terms of system construction,the development of the teaching team and the overall preschool education system have received considerable attention,with the importance of teacher ethics construction becoming increasingly prominent.In terms of safeguards,there have been fluctuations in the strength of government and institutional guarantees,and the construction of a quality assurance system is still in the exploratory stage.In terms of management,regulatory deployment and supervision evaluation have shown fluctuations,and the process of legalization is gradually accelerating.Based on the above analysis,to build a more high-quality preschool education policy system,the following measures are necessary:Firmly uphold the people-centered approach in preschool education and vigorously promote the balanced allocation and comprehensive guarantee of preschool education resources;Continuously coordinate and optimize the policy structure to comprehensively enhance the quality of inclusive

关 键 词：学前教育政策 发展逻辑 政策要点 文本分析 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]