家庭文化资本对学前儿童早期读写能力的影响  

The Impact of Family Cultural Capital on Preschool Children’s Early Literacy Skills

作　　者：袁晗 郭华吟 谢佳佳 林祎睿 汪小燕[2] YUAN Han;GUO Hua-yin;XIE Jia-jia;LIN Yi-ruil;WANG Xiao-yan(Faculty of Education,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center/Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Hefei 230001,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学教育学部,广东深圳518060 [2]安徽省妇女儿童医学中心,合肥市妇幼保健院,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《陕西学前师范学院学报》2025年第4期30-40,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目青年项目(GD24YJY04);深圳市教育科学规划课题(zdzz23012);深圳大学青年教师科研启动项目(868-000001032003);深圳大学党建课题(2024DJYJ046)。

摘　　要：早期读写能力影响儿童后续的阅读写作水平和各项学业成就。本研究基于文化资本理论调查家庭文化资本(制度化资本、物质化资本和具身化资本)对儿童读写能力的影响效应,并基于家庭读写活动的四维模型(编码技能教授活动、编码技能沉浸活动、口头语言教授活动和口头语言沉浸活动)探究具身化资本对儿童读写能力的异质性影响。研究结果表明家庭制度化资本(SES)物质化资本(教育类App)和具身化资本维度下的口头语言教授活动显著预测儿童的语音意识,具身化资本维度下的口头语言沉浸活动显著预测儿童的接受性词汇能力;口头语言教授活动和沉浸活动均能显著提高中等偏低水平的儿童在语音意识任务上的表现,口头语言沉浸活动能显著提升中等偏低水平的儿童在接受性词汇任务上的表现,但是对于水平高的儿童具有不显著的正向影响。该研究结论表明相较于读写能力具有优势的儿童,劣势儿童能够从家庭读写活动中获益更多。因此,加强父母对于口头语言教授和沉浸活动的重视和开展,能够有效降低劣势儿童的读写障碍风险。Early literacy is related to children’s subsequent reading,writing,and academic achievements.Based on the theory of cultural capital,the study investigated the effects of family cultural capital(institutionalized cultural capital,objectified cultural capital,and embodied cultural capital)on children’s early literacy skills and explored the heterogeneous effects of embodied cultural capital on children’s early literacy based on the four-dimensional model of home literacy activities(coding skills teaching activities,coding skills exposure activities,oral language teaching activities,and oral language exposure activities).The results showed that institutionalized cultural capital(SES),objectified cultural capital(educational apps),and oral language teaching activities significantly predicted children’s phonological awareness,and oral language exposure activities significantly predicted children’s receptive vocabulary;Oral language teaching activities and exposure activities significantly improved the performance of children with medium to low levels on phonological awareness tasks,and oral language exposure activities significantly improved the performance of children with medium to low levels on receptive vocabulary,but had a non-significant positive effect on children with high levels.The findings of the study showed that disadvantaged children benefit more from home literacy activities.Therefore,strengthening parents’attention to and implementing oral language teaching and exposure activities can effectively help reduce the risk of dyslexia among disadvantaged children.

关 键 词：家庭文化资本 家庭读写活动 学前儿童 早期读写能力 

分 类 号：G616[文化科学—学前教育学]