读心个体发生学:从先天论和经验论到相互作用论  

Ontogeny of Mindreading:from Nativism and Empiricism to Interactionism

作　　者：李中良 LI Zhong-liang(School of Education,Shandong Women's University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东女子学院教育学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《陕西学前师范学院学报》2025年第4期53-63,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划青年项目(23DZXJ03)。

摘　　要：读心机制探讨和读心能力测量是读心研究的两大阵地。近年来,递归读心、人工智能读心等崭新话题逐渐登上学术舞台。然而,一个很重要的问题一一读心的个体发生学问题,却未得到它应有的重视。围绕此问题曾出现过先天主义和经验主义两种传统解释。前者认为读心是自然选择一进化-遗传的结果。非言语版错误一信念任务的三种范式:期望-违背范式、预期注视范式和互动行为范式均指出婴儿业已具备读心能力。后者则主张读心是后天经验的产物。海斯的认知工具理论主张读心是一种认知工具,它通过社会学习而非基因遗传实现代际传递。然而,这两种解释在解读心理学实验结果时都显现出不充分性。阐释读心机制的传统理论是理论论和模拟论,后又涌现出双系统理论、单系统理论和多元论。通过对他们的剖析指出读心个体发生学的一种更合理解释是,读心能力是先天烹赋和后天经验相互作用的结果,它是遗传和经验的动力耦合。The study of mindreading mechanism and the measurement of mindreading ability are the two main fronts in the study of mindreading.In recent years,such new topics as recursive mindreading and artificial intelligence mindreading have gradually entered the academic stage.However,a very important issue,the ontogenetic problem of mindreading,has not received the attention it deserves.There have been two traditional explanations about this issue:nativism and empiricism.The former believes that mindreading is the result of natural selection-evolution-heredity.The three paradigms of the nonverbal version of the false-belief task:violation of expectation paradigm,anticipatory looking paradigm and interactive behavioral paradigm all indicate that infants already have the mindreading ability.The latter claims that mindreading is a product of acquired experience.Heyes'cognitive tool theory argues that mindreading is a cognitive gadget that is transmitted between generations through social learning rather than genetic inheritance.However,both of these explanations show inadequacy in interpreting the results of psychological experiments.The traditional theories to explain the mechanism of mindreading are theory theory and simulation theory,and then emerged the dual system theory,single system theory and plural theory.Through the analysis of them,it is pointed out that a more reasonable explanation of ontogeny of mindreading is that mindreading ability is the result of the combination of innate endowment and acquired experience,and that ontogeny of mindreading is the dynamic coupling of heredity and experience.

关 键 词：读心 先天主义 非言语版错误一信念任务 经验主义 认知工具 读心机制 合并原则 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]