高速动车组设备舱通风散热仿真研究  

Simulation Research on Ventilation and Heat Dissipation of Equipment Cabin of High-speed EMU

作　　者：王维斌 陈大伟 姚拴宝 陈洋洋 WANG Weibin;CHEN Dawei;YAO Shuanbao;CHEN Yangyang(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive&Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2025年第2期38-45,共8页Rolling Stock

摘　　要：高速动车组车下设备舱通风散热性能对列车的可靠安全运行至关重要。文章建立了包括车体、转向架、设备舱及舱内各类电气设备在内的内外全流场仿真模型,采用了定流量边界、旋转参考坐标系模型、动量源模型等不同方式处理小风量设备、离心风机、轴流风机等通风量的计算,采用了恒定出风温度、壁面温度、换热器热源发热功率等不同方式进行温度场的计算,完成了3种典型设备舱布局结构在不同列车运行速度(250 km/h、300 km/h、350 km/h、400 km/h)及不同环境温度(20℃、40℃)等工况下的数值仿真计算,对不同工况设备舱典型区域的速度场及温度场分布等进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:在不同动车组运行速度工况下,设备舱内流场及温度场的分布趋势类似。随着车速的增加,发热设备周边平均温度有所升高,最大升高幅度在2~3℃。在环温为40℃工况下,废排装置将客室内26~27℃的低温气流排入设备舱内,有利于降低设备舱内温度,可将废排装置与发热设备靠近布置。牵引系统等大功率发热设备采用密接风道将高温气流直接排出设备舱,有效避免了高温排出气流对设备舱温度的不利影响。The ventilation and heat dissipation performance of the equipment cabin under the high-speed EMU is crucial to the reliable and safe operation of the train.This paper establishes the simulation model of internal and external flow fields,including the carbody,bogie,equipment cabin and various electrical equipment in the cabin.Different methods such as boundary of fixed flow,rotating reference coordinate system model and momentum source model are used to calculate the ventilation volume of small air volume equipment,centrifugal fan and axial fan,and constant outlet air temperature,wall temperature and heating power of heat exchanger heat source are used to calculate the temperature field.The numerical simulation calculations of three typical equipment cabin layouts under different train running speeds(250 km/h,300 km/h,350 km/h,and 400 km/h)and different ambient temperatures(20℃,40℃)are completed,and the velocity field and temperature field distribution in typical areas of equipment cabins under different working conditions are comprehensively analyzed.The results indicate that the distribution trends of flow field and temperature field in the equipment cabin are similar under different EMU running speeds.With the increase in train speed,the average temperature around the heat-generating device increases,and the maximum increase is about 2~3℃.Under the working condition that the ambient temperature is 40℃,the waste discharge device discharges the low-temperature airflow of 26~27℃in the passenger room into the equipment cabin,which is conducive to reducing the temperature in the equipment cabin.The waste discharge device can be arranged close to the heat-generating device.High-power heat-generating devices such as traction systems use close air ducts to directly discharge high-temperature airflow from the equipment cabin,effectively avoiding the adverse effects of high-temperature exhaust airflow on the temperature of the equipment cabin.

关 键 词：高速动车组 设备舱 通风散热 空气动力学 

分 类 号：U260.4[机械工程—车辆工程]