文学作为见证的可能性——基于保罗·利科的证词诠释学  

Possibility of Literature as Testimony:An Analysis Based on Paul Ricoeur's Hermeneutics of Testimony

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作  者:张娜 Zhang Na(the School of Foreign Languages,East China Normal University,Minhang District,Shanghai,200241)

机构地区:[1]华东师范大学外语学院,上海市闵行区200241

出  处:《文艺理论研究》2025年第1期44-55,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

摘  要:由普遍怀疑主义所引发的见证危机,它一方面体现在认识论层面,作为文字表象的证词与源初事件之间存在不可证实的符合论困境,另一方面体现在伦理层面,从实证主义视域下追问极端事件中见证者的合法性会导致历史的虚无主义倾向。在此背景下,在认识论维度,保罗·利科的证词诠释学致力于从文本诠释学的角度调和本质上由于内在的自身性与外在的历史性的分裂所产生的隔阂,他以“叙事同一性”来统一“见证”和“证明”的辩证法,以此回应“见证在何种程度上是值得信任的”这一问题;在伦理维度,利科倡导一种对于见证者的“被预设的信任”,并在此基础上建构“信任-承诺”的双向伦理关系,借助多样的文学叙事将被证实的普遍性同生活的历史性联系起来,在此过程中,“见证者-听众”之间的互动交流将过去维度的历史事件转化为生活叙事中的伦理事件,事件与表象、真实与虚构、历史与文学之间的二元对立,被逐步消解,指涉未来的、大写的文学书写为通达一种忠实的叙事伦理,提供了可能性。The crisis of testimony,ignited by skepticism,reveals itself in two distinct dimensions.Firstly,from an epistemological perspective,testimony represents a textual rendering of historical events,and its inherent unverifiability gives rise to the quandary of conformism.Secondly,in ethical terms,doubts about the legitimacy of witnesses to extreme events contribute to a nihilistic trend in historical discourse.In response to this challenge,Paul Ricoeur offers his concept of testimony.Epistemologically,he introduces the notion of the hermeneutics of testimony,which seeks to bridge the gap between the inner affirmation of the original account and the external realm of history through the lens of textual hermeneutics.Ricoeur employs“narrative identity”to harmonize the dialectic of testimony and attestation,addressing the fundamental question of the reliability of testimony.Ethically,Ricoeur advocates the notion of“presupposed trust”in the witness.This forms the basis for constructing a mutual ethical relationship of“trust-commitment,”connecting established truths with the historical dimension of human existence through various literary narratives.In this process,the dynamic interaction between the“witness”and the“audience”transforms past historical events into ethical experiments.The traditional divisions between event and representation,truth and fiction,as well as history and literature,gradually dissolve.The Literature that looks toward the future offers new possibilities of contemplating the reliability of writing.

关 键 词:见证者 证词 保罗·利科 诠释学 文学 

分 类 号:I0[文学—文学理论]

 

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